93# investigation of oil chaos

During the society’s extensive attention to the recent “problem 93# gasoline” in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi, which caused the engine to fail, the oil mobilization industry, which has been “sneaking” in the oil product market, gradually emerged under the investigation of reporters. water surface".

The most concentrated area in northern China's refining industry is Shandong. The province's blended gasoline and diesel producers are mostly Dongying and Binzhou. According to senior sources in the oil-adjusting industry in Dongying Kenli County, there are more than 100 domestic gasoline and diesel manufacturers, and most of them are private companies. The annual net profit of the enterprises forming a scale can reach 10 million to 20 million yuan. The start-up capital for entering this industry only needs more than 1 million yuan, the technical threshold is also very low, and there is no corresponding qualification requirements.

However, some producers of blended oil often ignore certain indicators because of raw materials or fail to meet standards, which makes the quality of blended gasoline uneven. The reporter obtained a local "private oil blending company 93 # reconcile gasoline testing report" shows that the anti-knock index, sulfur content, benzene content, methanol content, oxygen content and other indicators have not reached the national standard requirements, on the car engine, oil pump, oil Table sensors have the potential to be damaged.

The reporter also found that the reconciliation of petrol was mostly purchased by private gas stations. Because there was a difference of more than 1,000 yuan compared to the national standard 93# gasoline, the gas station sales had huge profits, and more than half of the blended gasoline was sold to downstream gas stations through intermediaries. Some oil traders do not issue sales invoices when selling oil products. This is obviously an act of evading the national product oil consumption tax.

No-threshold oil-adjusting industry Kenli County of Dongying City is located at the mouth of the Yellow River and is located in the hinterland of Shengli Oilfield. Since the exploration of Shengli Oilfield, 70% of its oil and gas production has come from Wuli territory.

Driving on the criss-crossing highways in Shengli Oilfield, large and small oil refineries and oil tanks are distributed between Taiwan and up and down pumping units, and there are also many oil traders gathered here.

“There are more than a dozen oil companies who form a scale, and many others are small-scale oil-manufacturers who work in partnership with several people,” said one local industry source. Another person told reporters that Kenli has more than 100 diesel-powered oil and gas regulators.

After entering the oil-adjusting company in the name of purchasing oil, the reporter discovered that only some oil tanks and pipelines on the ground did not have very complicated equipment. According to the company’s sources, several large tanks placed on the ground were used to reconcile diesel; because gasoline was volatile, oil tanks that blended gasoline were buried underground.

It is understood that the local small-scale oil diversified oil tankers often use the oil tank reconciliation process, and the components to be reconciled with oil, additives, etc., are transferred to the reconstitution tanks according to the specified reconciliation ratios, and then recycled by circulation pumps and electric stirring. Shake well and mix.

A person engaged in the oil-adjusting business told the reporter that RMB 2 million could be used to make oil reconciliation, the equipment was less than RMB 1 million, and the other RMB 1 million was liquidity. The key was liquidity.

It is understood that in the past, many companies that ran oil transportation or produced chemical raw materials switched to reconciliation oil, because the corresponding raw materials and downstream customer resources could help them conduct business.

"My friend can send 300 tons a day (to reconcile petrol). Its oil-refining company's annual operating income can reach 60 million to 70 million yuan, and its net profit can be 10 million to 20 million yuan. A small workshop can also earn 1 million a year. ~ 2 million yuan," said the above person.

An industry analyst who did not wish to be named said that the domestic oil divers are too messy and the oil diversion industry is different from oil refining, but they must also have production facilities. The entry barrier is too low, and as long as money is available, oil can be adjusted. Informal oil traders are black processing plants.

"The refined oil has the qualifications of wholesale, warehousing and retailing. The refinery has a policy of eliminating much less processing capacity. However, in the oil-adjusting industry, the country has no relevant qualification requirements," said the analyst.

Oil purveyors: There is no problem with single-burning. “Our 93# will definitely have no problem in reconciling the normal burning of gasoline vehicles. It's just that exhaust emissions may not be up to standard, and the benzene content is a little over.” said an oil trader.

"Our 93 # reconcile gasoline with the three standards of the country, methanol and benzene, and the sulfur is around 200. However, adding the car will not happen in Yunnan or Guizhou. We will ship 500 tons a day. Do not have to do it.” Another business person told reporters.

The above-mentioned oil distillers also stated that the blending of gasoline raw materials for the company's own production of light oil, 90 # gasoline, mixed aromatic or mixed benzene, MTBE and added 4% of methylal, "We have already incorporated 20% of 93# The national standard gasoline has no problem with single burning, and it has little impact on the engine. You don't have to burn it any more. You have to burn it one to one. What kind of indicators do you need? We can all do it."

At the reporter’s repeated request, the oil-manufacturer presented a report on the 93# blended gasoline test that claimed to be of good quality. For this report, an expert in the refined oil industry stated that the 93# blended gasoline does not meet the national standards.

For example, the oil explosion resistance index in this report is 86 and the national standard is 88. This can easily cause engine knock, carbon deposition, large cylinder wear, excessive emissions, and no environmental protection; the benzene content is 3.86, while the lowest national standard is Benzene content is not more than 2.5 (volume fraction), benzene content in gasoline exceeds the standard, there is not much impact on the car itself, but benzene will directly enter the atmosphere through exhaust gas emissions, gasoline evaporation and other means. Long-term human exposure can seriously affect health.

In addition, the methanol content of the oil in the report reaches 1, the content in the national standard is not more than 0.3, the methanol content is too high, a trace amount of water is generated after combustion and decomposition, the electrical conductivity is increased, and the oil pump and the oil gauge sensor are damaged; the oxygen content is also Too high, the minimum national standard oxygen content of not more than 2.7 (mass fraction), the report reached 8.41, gasoline oxygen content exceeds the standard indicates that the oil is added too much oxygen compounds (such as MTBE), this substance can increase The number of gasoline, but will reduce the calorific value of gasoline, increase vehicle fuel consumption, the use of such oil will reduce the driving performance of the EFI vehicle, but also cause the car's exhaust gas, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and ozone content increase, pollute the atmosphere.

The reporter’s investigation found that due to the lack of appropriate testing equipment, oil distillers rarely issue inspection reports when selling products. Generally, the oil purchasers sample themselves and go to chemical inspection to determine quality.

“Even if there are oil regulators who say they have test reports, they are not necessarily their own blending oils. This is a lot of things to do.” Buyers still need to sample and test themselves.” Another tone Oil dealers said.

The market created by the spread?

In recent years, the quality of a series of refined oil products has asked the doors of Sinopec and PetroChina to reconcile gasoline to close their doors. “Although the two companies have strict external mining, our oil sales are still good, that is, raw material prices have been rising all the way, and profits have become less and less.” An oil-regulator said.

As MTBE, naphtha, and other oil-producing raw materials rose rapidly in recent times, the reconciliation of gasoline prices was forced to rise substantially. At present, the low-end listing of Shandong non-standard gasoline (close to the national standard of non-standard) has reached 8,250 yuan/ton. Compared with the previous low prices rose by 600 to 700 yuan / ton.

Despite the harmonization of the quality and sales of petrol or the existence of irregularities, these blended gasolines eventually flowed into private gas stations.

Zhuo Chuang, analyst of refined oil products Chen Zhu believes that there are two reasons for this. On the one hand petrochemical resources are monopolized by petty brothers, and when private gas stations are not controlled for sale, they have to purchase gasoline to harmonize, which further stimulates To reconcile the market demand for gasoline. At the same time, compared with the national standard 93 # gasoline, the purchase price difference of more than 1,000 yuan in blended gasoline is another factor that privately-owned gas stations look for.

According to Zhuo Chuang Information Monitoring, the wholesale price of 93# reconcile gasoline country II standard in Shandong is 8100 yuan to 8400 yuan/ton, and the country is III8600 yuan to 8700 yuan/ton; and the wholesale price of PetroChina and Sinopec 93# III standard gasoline They were RMB 10,100/ton and RMB 9,900 to RMB 9,950/ton respectively; Shandong Gas Refinery Price of 93# was stable at RMB 9,300 to RMB 9,600/ton.

After the latest increase in the maximum retail price of refined oil, the current domestic retail price of 93 # gasoline is basically above 7.9 yuan / liter, equivalent to more than 10,500 yuan per ton. If the private gas station purchasing country III93# reconciles gasoline sales, it will earn nearly 2,000 yuan per ton more than purchasing PetroChina and Sinopec 93# III standard gasoline.

“Some petrol stations will also be blended with some non-standard gasoline in the national standard gasoline, some cheap gasoline blending will have to be burned, non-standard prices will be low, and gas stations will be more profitable. Of course, as long as not Cheap, gas stations can get good oil products." An oil trader said.

Sales suspects evasion tax suspicion Reporter found in the survey, small blending oil manufacturers are a small yard from afar, there are few advertising signs, there is no "sales of reconciliation oil" slogans on the doors and walls of various companies, forming a scale Most companies are hanging with the brand name of the chemical plant.

The reporter walked into several small oil refineries and asked if there was a 93# reconciliation of gasoline sales. Most of them did not understand or simply did not know. The above-mentioned oil diggers told the reporter that if they did not know or did not trade before, these oil traders generally would not take care of the customers who came to the door, and more than half of the local sales of blended oil were done through intermediaries.

“Because the buyers and sellers are not familiar with each other, it is relatively safe to find a middleman. For both parties, the quality of oil and delivery receipts are guaranteed; of course, the oil trader still hopes to deal directly with gas station customers he is familiar with.” Oil dealers said.

However, he stressed that some black middlemen will also make the transaction risky, because oil traders will pick up oil archives before shipping, and the quality of the oil will go wrong after shipment. Some black middlemen will also get hands-on in the oil during transportation, and add some chemical raw materials such as methanol to replace some of the oil to benefit from it.

More importantly, the oil contributors will ask when they ship: “Do you have an invoice? If you want an invoice, add 300 yuan per ton.” Chen Geng said: “If you do not open the invoice, the oil distributor will ship it. Can escape the country's refined oil consumption tax."

The current refined oil consumption tax belongs to the Central Tax and is uniformly collected by the State Administration of Taxation. Taxpayers are units and individuals that produce, commission, and import refined oil in China. The taxation link is in the production process. The method of measurement shall be applied for the measurement of fixed quantity from the quantity, and shall be collected within the price. The oil-adjusting company shall also be subject to the tax collection.

Chen Geng said that in the current product oil consumption tax, gasoline is levied at 1 yuan/liter (1,380 yuan/ton). If no invoices are issued, these oil concessioners will pay 1,380 yuan less for each ton of gasoline sold. The national tax department cannot also check every day, and the supervision is not enough. There are certain loopholes.

• Synchronous broadcasts stimulated by rising oil prices The rise in refining utilization rate was stimulated by the increase in oil prices. Since the oil prices were raised on March 20, the operating rate of refineries in Shandong and Guangzhou has been rising.

According to data from business clubs, as of last week (March 23), the operating rate of refinery atmospheric and vacuum installations in the refinery in Shandong was 39.6%, an increase of 4.8 percentage points from the previous Friday's statistics; the average size of small refineries in Guangdong started. The rate was 17.5%, up 4.5% from the previous week.

Sun Xiaolong, analyst of Zhuo Chuang Information Oil, pointed out: “The overall market atmosphere of Shandong refining has improved, and individual refineries have even slightly raised the ex-factory price. At the same time, after the National Development and Reform Commission raised the price of gasoline and diesel, the operating rate of ground refining continued to increase.”

Before the oil price increase, the price of Shandong refining has begun to rise. From March 8 to March 19, Shandong Refinery 93 # gasoline rose more than 200 yuan / ton, the average daily increase of 20 yuan / ton, and then from March 20 to implement the new retail price limit.

Song Zhichen, a researcher in the energy industry at China Investment Advisors, told reporters: The main reason is the substantial increase in refined oil prices. With the oil price breaking eight, the profit margin of geo-refining companies has also increased significantly, which has effectively increased the production enthusiasm of geo-refining companies.

Song Zhichen thought: "As demand increases, oil prices tend to rise, and the enthusiasm for the production of refineries increases, and the operating rate will also rise. Conversely, the operating rate will decline. In fact, the most important factor for the refinery companies is the refined oil price. However, domestic refined oil prices are not formed by the supply and demand of the market but by the NDRC's administrative pricing. Therefore, the impact of changes in demand on the operating rate has been significantly weakened."