Articulated trucks are a highly versatile earth-rock transportation machine in the mining industry and large-scale construction. Because of its special structure, it can adapt to bad weather, bad terrain and high availability.
The greatest feature of the articulated truck is that the power part of the car is connected to the load carrying part through a hinged joint head. A part of the car can be rotated 45 degrees to the left or right relative to another part in the horizontal plane, and can also be folded.
In addition, both front and rear carriages can be independently and unrestrictedly rotated about the common longitudinal axis in a plane perpendicular to the common longitudinal axis. In particular, it completely eliminates the torsional load acting on the frame, and therefore can improve the reliability of the entire structure. Unlike an ordinary car working under no road conditions, the frame is subjected to a large load.
Special suspensions and unique bogies allow the truck to run normally in poor road conditions and harsh weather conditions, allowing the vehicle to travel in rough terrain without excessively high suspension requirements. At present, articulated trucks are mainly used in large-scale mines, and the prices and maintenance costs are quite high.
Articulated dump trucks are driven by several types of 4x4, 6x4, and 6x6, the most common of which is 6x6. 6x4 and 4x4 are somewhat similar and take a similar form to the loader's drive, with power output from the engine to the gearbox. The transfer case is output to the drive axle in two forward and backward directions respectively. Unlike a loader, an inter-axle differential is required in the transfer case, and a planetary-geared wheel reducer is used at both ends of the transaxle.
The typical 6x6 drive form is usually adopted for the 6x6 through-type bridge, so that power is divided into two in the bridge, all the way to drive the bridge, the other way to the rear axle.
After removing one side of the gearbox, the other is Moxy's unique free-swing tandem gearbox. This design uses only one drive axle. Each side axle drives a gearbox and powers through two gears in the gearbox. Pass to the middle and rear wheels. Since the transmission box can swing freely about the axle, it is equivalent to balanced suspension, eliminating the need for suspensions such as A-frames or multi-links and balance beams for other models.
The current form of transmission is not the case at the beginning. In the early stages of development of articulated dump trucks, there was no mature loader drive train that could be used for reference. Linner, the explorer, used the tractor's power output shaft. This design is characterized by the direct output of power from the gearbox to the rear body. It is simple and effective but has many disadvantages, such as the front and rear wheels are not universal, the front body can not achieve suspension, etc., Volvo BM until the 5350 was launched in 1979 Start abandoning this backward design.
Volvo BM early DR860 drive form, the front wheel is a tractor structure, the middle bridge power directly from the gearbox. Another older entrant, DJB, began using CAT loader components. The 6x4 model soon became a success. In the face of competition, 6x6 models could not be launched because CAT had no ready-made components. Finally, the CAT redesigned the scheme for it. Before the bridge, a simple transfer device was installed. A driveshaft connected the bridge and the other bridge was connected to the rear axle. This design was used until the end of the 1990s. Eliminated.
DJB, CAT's D-series three-axle vehicle adopts a 6x6 drive format. As for latecomers TEREX, BELL and DDT, there are no detours. They directly purchase gearboxes and axles from suppliers such as ZF. Komatsu's newly launched HM series after 2000 is a new design by Komatsu.
Terex and other companies directly use gearboxes and axles from suppliers such as ZF. To increase the capacity of difficult terrain, most articulated dump trucks now use differential locks and install limited slip differentials in axles. The moving box is equipped with a differential lock between shafts. When the limited-slip differential in the shaft is locked, the wheel speeds on both sides of the shaft are the same. If the differential lock between the shafts is also locked at this time, the six wheel speeds must be consistent to ensure the maximum passing performance.
The CAT725's mid-bridge is equipped with a limited-slip differential, a wheel reducer, and a caliper disc brake. There is no differential between the rear axle and the rear axle. In order to improve economy, Volvo starts with the E series to provide 6x4 and 6x6 drive modes. For the driver to choose, the general road selection 6x4 mode, the rear axle to reduce power to reduce fuel consumption, difficult roads are selected 6x6 mode, connected to the rear axle power to improve passability. Komatsu's HM series has a front suspension with independent front axles and no rigid front axle.
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