With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection by the state and society, the construction of green mines has become an important direction and work of mineral resources management and mining development under the new situation. The exploration is located at the forefront of the mining industry, which is the starting point for the development of mining industry. “How to carry out green exploration and protect the ecological environment from the source†has become a hot topic in the 2017 China Mining Cycle Economy and Green Mine Forum.
Green mine construction starts from green exploration
Ma Yan, an associate researcher at the Mineral Exploration Technical Guidance Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, pointed out at the forum that green exploration is a combination of green and exploration, and is an economic activity related to environmental protection. The goal is to produce both environmental and economic benefits. Green is an external limitation of exploration activities. Exploration activities cannot pay excessive environmental costs. If the survey is not green, it may even abandon the survey. Gain economic benefits through competitive advantages in strategic management of the environment. Through the early environmental management, the geological exploration project can enter the market and finally achieve a win-win situation.
“Green exploration and development is to minimize the impact on the ecological environment during the mineral exploration and development process, and to achieve the control, recoverability and acceptability of the mineral resources exploration and development for the ecological environment disturbance.†Qinghai Province Non-ferrous Geology and Mineral Exploration Bureau Engineer Liu Qingyun pointed out that green exploration is the need of ecological protection in the work area, the need for harmonious and stable mining areas, the need for strategic reserves of national mineral resources, and the need for the survival and development of geological exploration teams.
More measures and green exploration results
Since the construction of green mines, geological exploration units have continuously innovated technological means in exploration and set a good example of success.
Qinghai Nonferrous Metals Exploration Bureau – In the colorful self-contained exploration area, in view of the reality of the mining area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Nonferrous Metals Bureau has explored various ways to reduce the environmental disturbance of exploration activities. When sampling, “smashing the shovel†will make the disturbance area change from large pit to small hole, which can ensure the objectivity and authenticity of sampling quality in the thick layer area, and meet the environmental protection needs of ecologically fragile areas; In the pre-census and census stage, the new technology of “small drilling instead of trenching†was adopted by portable portable drilling rig , which changed the disturbance area from a large ditch to a drilling hole, which not only can achieve the expected prospecting effect in thicker sections, but also Minimize the disturbance to the ecological environment; the exploration equipment adopts modular, detachable and easy to move rigs , which greatly reduces the construction mileage of temporary roads in the mining area; the use of the mobile mud circulation system avoids the excavation of the mud pool; The hydraulic crawler drill and a new porous process and new method have changed the situation of “one a borehole and one abutmentâ€, which greatly reduced the temporary road and the base space of the rig. Since the restoration and management work in the colorful self-contained exploration area in 2015, a total of nearly 80,000 cubic meters of troughs have been restored, 5 km of roads have been restored, about 230 mu of regreen has been completed, and the survival rate of pasture has reached 90%. The environment of geological exploration work area Recovery of governance has achieved significant results.
Guizhou Southwest Energy Group--In recent years, Southwest Energy Group has adopted green exploration as its core competitiveness and enterprise development strategy, covering all exploration projects in a comprehensive way, embodying the green concept in the whole process of bidding, design, implementation and acceptance, and A series of green exploration series documents such as “Technical Standards for Green Exploration of Solid Minerals†were prepared. The standard fully reflects the four concepts of green exploration, environmental protection, harmony, high efficiency and legal system proposed by Southwest Energy Group. The standard states that in the geological exploration design stage, the principles of comprehensive exploration and comprehensive evaluation must be adhered to, and the work of each exploration stage of the project should be fully considered. The combination of general and detailed, detailed and exploration, comprehensive exploration and evaluation of multiple minerals, overall planning and design optimization. To prevent secondary damage caused by repeated surveys and to reduce the negative impact of exploration activities on the environment. In the arrangement of exploration projects, areas of influence such as nature reserves, ecologically fragile areas, important water sources, important tourist areas, important structures, basic farmland, protective animals and plants, and areas where exploration activities may suffer or induce geological disasters should be avoided. . After the investigation is over, it is necessary to carry out environmental restoration and management in a timely manner, adhere to the principle of “adapting to local conditions, scientific and reasonable, practical and practicalâ€, and combine local needs and residents' wishes to carry out environmental restoration and management in a timely manner according to the original terrain and land types. At present, all exploration projects of the Southwest Energy Group are strictly implemented in accordance with the green exploration standards and systems.
Looking into the future, green exploration and development requires many efforts
Ma Wei suggested that it is necessary to further promote the concept of green exploration, research and develop new technologies, new methods, new equipment and new processes for green exploration, and minimize environmental impact or disturbance. The government shall release the potential environmental risks of mineral exploration work in different ecological environment areas, and provide corresponding solutions to serve the mining rights holders; actively promote the preparation of green exploration implementation plans, comprehensively evaluate the ecological environment during project design, and select appropriate The means of exploration; financial establishment of green mining demonstration projects, demonstrations leading commercial exploration, improving industry reputation, and actively exploring the interest sharing mechanism of mineral exploration.
In terms of perfecting the exploration system, Liu Qingyun believes that on the one hand, it is necessary to establish a "five simultaneous" system, and put ecological and environmental protection at the same height as the quality of the geological survey work and safety production, and carry out simultaneous design, simultaneous construction, simultaneous inspection, simultaneous acceptance, and simultaneous Assessment. On the other hand, it is necessary to establish a target responsibility assessment system, scientifically formulate assessment methods, and increase the proportion of ecological protection in the target assessment scores. At the same time, it is necessary to clarify the responsibility for ecological protection, adhere to the principle of “who surveys who is responsible, who destroys who recovers, who pollutes who governsâ€, and effectively incorporates environmental protection measures into the entire process of geological exploration projects.
There is a long way to go to develop green mines. At present, we are in the initial stage of green exploration. We also need strong support from governments, leaders and policies at all levels. We urgently need to introduce uniform and high-level green exploration standards, and strengthen institutional construction and operability. The green exploration work is well documented. The implementation of green exploration will inevitably increase the cost of exploration and the input of enterprises. However, there is no corresponding fee collection standard. It is recommended that relevant departments increase the budgetary standards for green exploration related inputs as soon as possible.
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