I. Main problems in China's printing equipment Although we have achieved leaps and bounds and achieved great results, compared with the world's advanced level, there is a big gap between the scale of development, the pattern of development, the mode of development, and the quality of development. These include small-scale enterprises, low degree of resource integration, weak innovation capacity, excess production capacity of low-end equipment, and insufficient production capacity of high-end equipment. Over the years, high-end printing equipment has basically depended on imports.
Compared with the world's advanced level, China's printing equipment mainly has the following problems.
1, the product structure is not reasonable.
The first is that the proportions of high, middle and low levels are unreasonable. The production capacity of low-end equipment is surplus, and the production capacity of mid-end equipment basically meets the demand, and the production capacity of high-end equipment is seriously insufficient. High-end equipment basically relies on imports.
Second, the proportion of high-efficiency equipment and relatively inefficient equipment is unreasonable. China's gravure and flexo printing has achieved a high-efficiency web-fed printing press, and a relatively inefficient sheet-fed press has become a secondary change. However, offset presses, which account for about 80% of the printing industry's output value, have always been sheetfed offset presses and web offset presses. This is probably one of the important reasons for the low labor productivity of printing in our country. All developed countries are mainly web offset presses, and sheetfed offset presses are secondary. For example, in the United States in the 1980s, web offset presses were mainly used, and web offset presses dominated the entire printing industry in the United States. In 2004, offset printing in Europe (including Eastern Europe) accounted for 60.1% of the entire printing market, of which sheet-fed offset printing machines accounted for 21.2%, and web offset printing machines accounted for 38.9%. According to the statistics of the paper printing machinery division of the Japan Printing Machinery Industry Association in 2008, the ratio of sheet-fed offset printing and web offset printing to the market is 2:8, and the share of sheet-fed offset printing in the printing market is still falling. Japan had 1,593 commercial web offset presses in 2009, and web offset printing sales accounted for about 57% of the entire printing market. And China is still the main sheet-fed offset press. According to a survey conducted by the “Print Manager†magazine, in 2010, China had 109 commercial web offset presses (excluding two mobile phones). It can be seen that the ratio of sheet-fed offset presses and web offset presses in China is unreasonable. We will vigorously develop a web offset press that is both efficient and convenient and flexible, and nurtures and develops new economic growth points.
2. The industrial concentration is low and the capacity for scientific research and innovation is weak.
China's printing equipment manufacturing industry is low in concentration, and the scale of the company is small. The sales of 600 printing equipment manufacturers in the country are still less than the sales of a large printing equipment manufacturer abroad. At the same time, China's printing equipment manufacturers have less research investment. For example, German research and development equipment manufacturers account for 8% of sales, while most manufacturers in China invest less than 4% of sales. Therefore, scientific research funding is seriously insufficient. The allocation of scientific research equipment and the overall quality of scientific research personnel have yet to be substantially improved. In particular, there is a shortage of high-level leader talents. These factors have led to weak scientific research capabilities in China's printing equipment and weak technological innovation capabilities. The main advanced technologies and core technologies are not mastered, especially the key technologies of digitalization, intelligentization, and automatic control are not mastered, and they lack the ability to break through key technologies. Greatly limited the rapid increase in the level of China's printing equipment.
3, smart manufacturing equipment and tools tooling less.
China's printing equipment has poor stability and reliability. In addition to quality management and other issues, it has a lot to do with the lack of smart equipment and special tooling equipment for printing equipment manufacturers in China. Although China's printing equipment manufacturers have undergone technological transformation and upgrading over the years, most companies only use intelligent equipment to process the main parts, while a large number of general parts still use single-machine, single-machine, single-tool single-machine processing methods, and foreign advanced enterprises. All parts generally use specialized automatic water production lines, which have high processing efficiency and good quality consistency. In China, they are generally used for single-machine production operations. The processing efficiency is low, and the product parts have large fluctuations in processing, poor stability, low interchangeability, and low versatility. Especially in the assembly process, international advanced printing equipment manufacturers generally use assembly line production, special tooling equipment and testing equipment, relying on equipment to ensure quality, basically eliminating human factors, all product standards and quality are the same. The main domestic assembly and production for professional teams and groups, coupled with lack of special tooling tooling, lack of special testing equipment, incomplete assembly standards, lack of uniform standards, many companies rely mainly on the technical level and responsibility of assembly workers to ensure quality, product quality to a certain extent Depending on the skill level of the workers, depending on the sense of responsibility of the workers, not only the production efficiency is low, but also the products are often produced one by one. Quality, stability, reliability, and consistency are difficult to guarantee. Although a small number of enterprises have adopted assembly lines for assembly and production, they are still at a relatively low level compared with foreign advanced production lines.
4. The socialization of supporting products is low.
Most printing equipment manufacturers in China are “big and full†and “small and fullâ€. From start to finish, all parts and components needed by the whole machine are basically R&D and manufacturing. The level of socialization of ancillary products is low. For example, printers' paper feeders, ink-based remote control devices, automatic overprint devices, color control, partial digitization, and intelligent control devices are basically developed and produced by the printing press manufacturers themselves. Because China's printing equipment manufacturing companies are small in size and have weak research and development capabilities, they have to develop their own research and development. With this in mind, it is difficult to put everything into context and it is difficult to push the overall level of printing equipment.
At present, supporting component manufacturers often have poor equipment conditions, low technical standards, and inadequate management, making it difficult to ensure the consistency and interchangeability of supporting components. In foreign countries, the processing and production of ancillary products and parts are basically researched and produced by specialized supporting enterprises. These supporting enterprises concentrate their efforts on breakthroughs in certain ancillary products or parts, and form specialized production and supporting product quality. Guaranteed. Printing equipment manufacturers focus their efforts on the printing equipment itself, and the rest is technology integration, which makes it easier to engage in product levels.
5, the main gap between product levels.
Although China's printing equipment has greatly improved its level, there is still a big gap between the overall level and the international advanced level. The main gap is digitization, intelligence, and automatic control.
(1) Speed ​​gap. The speed of printing equipment in China is generally lower than the world advanced level. For example, the world advanced level of sheet-fed offset printing presses has reached 1,600-18,000 sheets/hour, and the highest level has reached 20,000 sheets/hour. The highest speed for sheetfed offset presses in China is 15,000 sheets/hour. And the actual speed of use is even lower. The world advanced level of web offset press has reached 15-18 meters/second. The highest speed of web offset press in China is generally only about 7 meters/second, and a few products reach 11 meters/second.
Compared with the world's advanced level, China's printing equipment mainly has the following problems.
1, the product structure is not reasonable.
The first is that the proportions of high, middle and low levels are unreasonable. The production capacity of low-end equipment is surplus, and the production capacity of mid-end equipment basically meets the demand, and the production capacity of high-end equipment is seriously insufficient. High-end equipment basically relies on imports.
Second, the proportion of high-efficiency equipment and relatively inefficient equipment is unreasonable. China's gravure and flexo printing has achieved a high-efficiency web-fed printing press, and a relatively inefficient sheet-fed press has become a secondary change. However, offset presses, which account for about 80% of the printing industry's output value, have always been sheetfed offset presses and web offset presses. This is probably one of the important reasons for the low labor productivity of printing in our country. All developed countries are mainly web offset presses, and sheetfed offset presses are secondary. For example, in the United States in the 1980s, web offset presses were mainly used, and web offset presses dominated the entire printing industry in the United States. In 2004, offset printing in Europe (including Eastern Europe) accounted for 60.1% of the entire printing market, of which sheet-fed offset printing machines accounted for 21.2%, and web offset printing machines accounted for 38.9%. According to the statistics of the paper printing machinery division of the Japan Printing Machinery Industry Association in 2008, the ratio of sheet-fed offset printing and web offset printing to the market is 2:8, and the share of sheet-fed offset printing in the printing market is still falling. Japan had 1,593 commercial web offset presses in 2009, and web offset printing sales accounted for about 57% of the entire printing market. And China is still the main sheet-fed offset press. According to a survey conducted by the “Print Manager†magazine, in 2010, China had 109 commercial web offset presses (excluding two mobile phones). It can be seen that the ratio of sheet-fed offset presses and web offset presses in China is unreasonable. We will vigorously develop a web offset press that is both efficient and convenient and flexible, and nurtures and develops new economic growth points.
2. The industrial concentration is low and the capacity for scientific research and innovation is weak.
China's printing equipment manufacturing industry is low in concentration, and the scale of the company is small. The sales of 600 printing equipment manufacturers in the country are still less than the sales of a large printing equipment manufacturer abroad. At the same time, China's printing equipment manufacturers have less research investment. For example, German research and development equipment manufacturers account for 8% of sales, while most manufacturers in China invest less than 4% of sales. Therefore, scientific research funding is seriously insufficient. The allocation of scientific research equipment and the overall quality of scientific research personnel have yet to be substantially improved. In particular, there is a shortage of high-level leader talents. These factors have led to weak scientific research capabilities in China's printing equipment and weak technological innovation capabilities. The main advanced technologies and core technologies are not mastered, especially the key technologies of digitalization, intelligentization, and automatic control are not mastered, and they lack the ability to break through key technologies. Greatly limited the rapid increase in the level of China's printing equipment.
3, smart manufacturing equipment and tools tooling less.
China's printing equipment has poor stability and reliability. In addition to quality management and other issues, it has a lot to do with the lack of smart equipment and special tooling equipment for printing equipment manufacturers in China. Although China's printing equipment manufacturers have undergone technological transformation and upgrading over the years, most companies only use intelligent equipment to process the main parts, while a large number of general parts still use single-machine, single-machine, single-tool single-machine processing methods, and foreign advanced enterprises. All parts generally use specialized automatic water production lines, which have high processing efficiency and good quality consistency. In China, they are generally used for single-machine production operations. The processing efficiency is low, and the product parts have large fluctuations in processing, poor stability, low interchangeability, and low versatility. Especially in the assembly process, international advanced printing equipment manufacturers generally use assembly line production, special tooling equipment and testing equipment, relying on equipment to ensure quality, basically eliminating human factors, all product standards and quality are the same. The main domestic assembly and production for professional teams and groups, coupled with lack of special tooling tooling, lack of special testing equipment, incomplete assembly standards, lack of uniform standards, many companies rely mainly on the technical level and responsibility of assembly workers to ensure quality, product quality to a certain extent Depending on the skill level of the workers, depending on the sense of responsibility of the workers, not only the production efficiency is low, but also the products are often produced one by one. Quality, stability, reliability, and consistency are difficult to guarantee. Although a small number of enterprises have adopted assembly lines for assembly and production, they are still at a relatively low level compared with foreign advanced production lines.
4. The socialization of supporting products is low.
Most printing equipment manufacturers in China are “big and full†and “small and fullâ€. From start to finish, all parts and components needed by the whole machine are basically R&D and manufacturing. The level of socialization of ancillary products is low. For example, printers' paper feeders, ink-based remote control devices, automatic overprint devices, color control, partial digitization, and intelligent control devices are basically developed and produced by the printing press manufacturers themselves. Because China's printing equipment manufacturing companies are small in size and have weak research and development capabilities, they have to develop their own research and development. With this in mind, it is difficult to put everything into context and it is difficult to push the overall level of printing equipment.
At present, supporting component manufacturers often have poor equipment conditions, low technical standards, and inadequate management, making it difficult to ensure the consistency and interchangeability of supporting components. In foreign countries, the processing and production of ancillary products and parts are basically researched and produced by specialized supporting enterprises. These supporting enterprises concentrate their efforts on breakthroughs in certain ancillary products or parts, and form specialized production and supporting product quality. Guaranteed. Printing equipment manufacturers focus their efforts on the printing equipment itself, and the rest is technology integration, which makes it easier to engage in product levels.
5, the main gap between product levels.
Although China's printing equipment has greatly improved its level, there is still a big gap between the overall level and the international advanced level. The main gap is digitization, intelligence, and automatic control.
(1) Speed ​​gap. The speed of printing equipment in China is generally lower than the world advanced level. For example, the world advanced level of sheet-fed offset printing presses has reached 1,600-18,000 sheets/hour, and the highest level has reached 20,000 sheets/hour. The highest speed for sheetfed offset presses in China is 15,000 sheets/hour. And the actual speed of use is even lower. The world advanced level of web offset press has reached 15-18 meters/second. The highest speed of web offset press in China is generally only about 7 meters/second, and a few products reach 11 meters/second.
Graphite Parts,Gasket Graphite,Graphite Heating Elements,Graphite Exhaust Gasket Material
CARBONS TECH&CREATION(HENAN) INDUSTRY CO.,LTD , https://www.carbonmoldedgraphite.com