Wang Jie Cao Hui Zhang Lu (Shanxi Agricultural Seed Station Taiyuan Seed Management Station)
Vegetable seeds often contain germs and viruses from diseased plants or fields, affecting seed germination and seedling growth. Therefore, the pre-seedling seed treatment is a prerequisite for vegetable seedlings, seedlings, high yields, and stable yields. Proper seed treatment can effectively prevent rotten seed and rotten buds caused by seed bacteria and eggs, and increase the seedling emergence rate and seedling resistance. There are many methods for seed processing, which can be summarized as follows:
1 seed selection
In order to ensure that the vegetable seeds germinate neatly, the whole seedlings and strong seedlings must be selected. It is necessary to strictly select the excellent seeds with full grain and uniform and shiny seed coat color, and eliminate germinated grains, diseased grains, insect pests, pod grains, mechanical damage grains and mechanically mixed seeds.
2 seed coating
The seed coating agent consists of carbendazim, trace fertilizer, hormones and pigments. The seed coating can increase the rate of bud emergence, prevent seedling pests and diseases, and promote crop growth and development. Different crop seeds have different requirements for the content of seed coating ingredients. It is necessary to use seed coating agents suitable for the type of crop according to the crop type. When buying seeds, it is necessary to clarify the composition of seed coating agents and the types of pest control.
3 dry heat disinfection
The selected seeds are air-dried so that the moisture content is reduced to 7% or less and then dry heat sterilization is performed. The tomato seeds were placed in an incubator at 700°C for 72 hours to prevent tomato virus disease; dry heat-treated pepper seeds at a temperature of 60°C for 3 to 4 hours could reduce the risk of virus diseases. Watermelon seeds were pretreated at 40°C for 24h, and the water content of the seeds was reduced from 9.5% to 5.2%. The water content was then transferred to 72°C for 72h. At this time, the seed moisture content was 2.2% to 1.5%. Fusarium bacteria in the seeds were basically killed. Dead; cucumber and melon seeds were pretreated at 40°C for 24 hours, then transferred to 70°C for 3 days to prevent fusarium wilt.
4 Hot Sterilization
Different vegetable seeds have different heat resistance. Grasping the temperature and soaking time can not only promote the germination of seeds, increase the germination rate, but also play a role in disinfection and sterilization of seeds.
4.1 boiling hot seeds: first wash the seeds clean, on the basin, inject cold water, the seeds just submerged and then slowly injected into the boiling water, stirring while stirring, the water temperature reached 75 ~ 84 °C, stop the water injection, continue to stir 1 ~ 2min After that, inject cold water and stop stirring when the water temperature drops to 30°C. Let the seeds fully inflate and then dry the seeds. This method is suitable for seeds with hard, thick, and permeable seeds, such as melon, loofah, leeks and other seeds.
4.2 Hot water: this method can prevent a variety of diseases. Place the seeds in a clean pot and pour slowly into warm water at 50-55°C, 5 times the amount of seeds. When soaking, it is necessary to constantly stir, and at any time to add hot water to maintain the temperature, after 10min stop stirring, soak for 20min. Different types of vegetable seeds require different temperatures and time: pepper, zucchini, cabbage seeds are 55-60°C, 20-30min, which can control the damping-off of pepper, blight, canker, brown squash of courgette, anthrax Diseases, cabbage root disease, leaf mold, white spot, black spot; cucumber, watermelon, melon seeds 55 °C, 15 ~ 20min, can prevent cucumber anthracnose, angular spot, blight, watermelon, melon Anthracnose; eggplant seeds for 60 °C, 10min, can prevent anthracnose, wilt disease; tomato seeds for 52-55 °C, 30min, to prevent early blight, late blight; bean seed for 45 °C, 10-15min, to prevent the disease Anthracnose; use 48 ~ 49 °C warm water for 30min after soaking in cold water, can prevent celery spot blight.
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