"China's first Beibei No.2 truck producing the Beijing 130 light trucks went bankrupt", although the domestic auto industry after the "WTO" was extremely fiercely competitive, it is normal for auto companies to "live and die", but they are watching the online publication. In this news, my feelings are still not calm for a long time. Thoughts seem to have returned to the “youth†years more than 10 years ago. How many dreams can be repeated: In the early 1990s, China National Automobile Industry Corporation commissioned the China Automotive Technology and Research Center. Take the lead and organize the domestic auto companies to compile the development history of the auto industry. The preparation of the history of the domestic light truck industry is led by the industry's second-largest automobile manufacturer in Beijing, and joins hands with the other three companies in the industry – Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Plant and Nanjing Automobile Manufacturing Plant He is responsible for the Shenyang Jinbei Automobile Manufacturing Plant. As a representative of the Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Plant, I took part in the preparation of the history of the development of China's light automobile industry for three years. It is used to research historical data and describe the future development of the industry, and has traveled more than 20 light trucks in China. enterprise. In July 1995, the book “History of the Development of China's Light Vehicle Industry†was officially published by the National Machinery Industry Press. The Beijing Second Automobile Manufacturing Plant, the Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Plant, the Nanjing Automobile Manufacturing Plant and the Shenyang Jinbei Automobile in the domestic light truck industry The top four of the manufacturer's industry was called "the four kings" in the history. Looking back at this period of history, not only for the unforgettable historical commemoration, but also for future generations to show their own development, China's light truck industry has never lacked wisdom and ability. China's light truck industry was the first to build brilliance!
First, the “four great kings†of the past have achieved a brilliant history of China’s light goods vehicles
1. Beijing No. 2 Automobile Factory
The predecessor of Beijing No. 2 Automobile Manufacturing Plant was the Beijing Diesel Vehicle Repair Sub-factory, which was founded in 1956. In 1959-1960, the first mini-car in China was trial-produced in small batches, and two Beijing 130 light-duty trucks were trial-produced in 1966. In 1968, it was put into small-batch production. In 1975, the Beijing 130 light truck passed the steadfastness test organized by the Ministry of Industry and was classified by the state as a qualitative product, filling the gap in the domestic market of 2 tons of light trucks, and being contested by more than 20 automakers across the country. Similar to the system. In January 1976, the plant was named Beijing No. 2 Automobile Factory. In 1978, the Beijing 130 light truck and exhaust muffler won the National Science Conference Award. In 1985, Beierqi was the first to introduce Japan's Isuzu N series product technology at home and produce Beijing 136 (Beijing 1041). In 1988, it passed national technical appraisal. In order to speed up the introduction and absorption of technologies and realize product replacement as soon as possible, in April 1988, Beijing No. 2 Automobile Manufacturing Plant invested with China International Trust & Investment Corporation and Hong Kong Xiaodike Automobile Company to establish Beijing Light Vehicle Co., Ltd. As Party A, it invested 140 million yuan, accounting for 70% of the registered capital.
Since then, in the fierce market competition, Beibei Automobile has experienced difficulties due to its aging products, weak research and development capabilities and relatively backward technology. With the development of the market economy, companies failed to timely adjust the product structure and operating mechanism, and gradually fell into a loss situation for more than 10 years. There are currently more than 400 registered employees and more than 1,200 retired employees in Beixhuang. The company has been in a state of production shutdown for more than three years. The expenses of the employees have always been borne by Beiqi Holding. After the audit, as of the end of October of this year, the total assets of Beierqi Automobile was only RMB 85.49 million, the total liabilities could be over RMB 140 million, and the asset-liability ratio was 172.79%. It was already unable to pay off mature debts and was in compliance with the statutory bankruptcy conditions. On November 18th, the Beijing No. 1 Intermediate People's Court issued a civil ruling and announced the bankruptcy of Beijing No. 2 Automobile Manufacturing Plant. At this point, Beishang officially entered bankruptcy proceedings.
2. Tianjin Automobile Factory
The predecessor of the Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Plant was the Tianjin Transportation Company Automobile Repairing Plant, which was established in 1965. It had trial production of the TJ210 light sport utility vehicle and the TJ740 sedan. In 1978, it was renamed the Tianjin Automobile Factory and was reputed as the Tianjin Automobile Industry. cradle. In 1978, Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Factory began to change its product direction. With reference to the Beijing 130 drawings, the light trucks were launched. In accordance with the restrictions on single-row light trucks in major cities in China, they have taken the lead in developing domestic light-duty trucks with double-row seats, creating a new world of light trucks in large cities.
During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Plant carried out technological transformation of the Tianjin Automobile Die Design and Manufacturing Center (Phase I). In 1988, the Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Plant signed with the British MGA Corporation and the Japanese Miyazu Production Center in Tianjin. For the TJ1041 light truck body change contract, at the end of the 7th Five-Year Plan, the European-style TJ1041 light truck has formed an annual production capacity of 30,000 vehicles. During the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†period, Tianqi’s key technological transformation project was the technological transformation of the Tianjin Automotive Die Design and Manufacturing Center (Phase II Project) and the annual production of 40,000 micro-cars of Tianjin Dafa’s technical transformation project. At the end of the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Plant had an annual production capacity of 70,000 light trucks.
In 1995, the Tianjin Automobile Manufacturing Plant and the Malaysian Golden Lion Group formed a joint venture. The company’s name was changed to Tianjin Huali Automobile Co., Ltd., and its leading product was changed from Yanqi light truck to Huali brand microcar. In 2002, it was based on FAW Group and Tianqi Group. In the "Tianyi Reorganization" program signed in Beijing, Tianjin Huali Automobile Co., Ltd. was assigned to FAW Group. The company was renamed FAW Huali (Tianjin) Automobile Co., Ltd. and its leading product was changed to FAW Jiaxing. Happiness Herald Mini Sedan and Tak Road. The sharp urban jeep completely retreated from the market competition of domestic light trucks.
3ã€Nanjing Automobile Factory
Nanjing Automobile Factory has a glorious and long history. The predecessor was a repair shop of the special column of the East China Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It was established in 1947. In 1958, it produced a 2.5-ton cargo truck NJ130 and was renamed the Nanjing Automobile Manufacturing Plant by the First Machinery Industry Ministry, becoming the second automobile factory in China after the first automobile factory. In the 70-80s, Yuejin Light Trucks became the most competitive vehicle in the country. In 1982, Nanjing Automotive Industry Joint Venture, a joint venture of 107 associate manufacturers and more than 200 cooperative supporting plants, led by Yuejin Light Trucks and Nanjing Automobile Manufacturing Plant was formally established.
In 1986, the Nanjing Automobile Manufacturing Factory introduced the design and manufacturing technology of the S-series light vehicle of Fiat Iveco with the world advanced level in a combination of technology and trade, and began its second venture. It is the largest cooperative project in the Sino-Italian technical cooperation program in the last century with a total investment of 1.45 billion yuan. The design program is to increase the annual output of 60,000 Iveco light vehicles and 75,000 of the Sophim engines, and the State Council lists it as the "7th Five-Year Plan". During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the country will focus on construction projects At the end of the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the Nanjing Automobile Manufacturing Plant had an annual production capacity of 100,000 light trucks.
Iveco light vehicles were originally used for both passenger and cargo. However, due to price factors, Nanjing Iveco light trucks have not been accepted by the market. On the contrary, Nanjing Iveco light buses have become popular in the market. Relying solely on the aging product of the product leap forward, the market share of the Nanjing automobile manufacturing plant has been declining year by year, and the main body of the Nanjing Automobile Group Company still needs to rely on the light truck to “eat†and the situation is becoming increasingly difficult.
4, Shenyang Automobile Manufacturing Plant
Shenyang Automobile Manufacturing Plant was the first automobile manufacturing plant in Liaoning Province established by the Liaoning Provincial Government during the second five-year plan in 1958. In the year 1958-1962, a dragon brand of 2.5 tons was modeled on the Soviet Muse 51 Type. car. In September 1973, according to the national light vehicle production plan, according to Beijing 130 drawings and assembly design, the cab was developed in-house. In 1977, the SY132 light-duty truck was produced. By 1980, it had basically formed 3,000 light-duty trucks. Annual production capacity. In order to further expand the production capacity of SY132 light trucks and meet the market demand, in 1983, after the approval of the Shenyang City Government, the Shenyang Second Tractor Factory was incorporated into the Shenyang Automobile Manufacturing Plant. After technological transformation, the comprehensive production capacity was doubled.
In 1984, the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" technology upgrading project of Shenyang SY132 light truck series was replaced by the national "7th Five-Year Plan" development plan. In 1986, the Shenyang Automobile Manufacturing Plant and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation of Japan signed an agreement to introduce Mitsubishi FC3 cab manufacturing technology and equipment. In 1987, the CKD mode was used to assemble and manufacture the SY134C diesel and gasoline engine light-duty trucks. It was named Jinbei brand light truck and passed the national technical appraisal in 1988, becoming the domestic light truck market in the early 1990s. Best-selling variety.
In March 1988, with the approval of the Shenyang Municipal Government, Shenyang Automotive Industry Co., Ltd., which was mainly composed of a Shenyang automobile manufacturing plant and a Shenyang sedan manufacturing plant, was converted into a share company. Jinbei Automobile Co., Ltd. was established and its registered capital was RMB 1 billion. At that time, China was the first large-scale equity industrial enterprise with multiple economic components coexisting. In 1988, Jinbei Automobile Co., Ltd. issued a stock of 100 million yuan to the public and was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1991, becoming the "first person" of Chinese auto companies entering the capital market.
After undergoing a major change in Brilliance Capital and personnel, Shenyang Automobile Manufacturing Plant, which originally served as the “main force†in Jinbei Automobile Stock Co., Ltd., gradually gave way to Jinbei Haishi Van and Zhonghua Sedan, and lacked funds and technology as a support and guarantee for Shenyang Lightweight. The truck manufacturing industry is no longer "enterprising" and is in a state of reluctance to maintain. Although it is in production and sales, the current domestic market ranking of light trucks has fallen by 10 players.
Analysis of the reasons why the top four domestic light trucks have fallen from the peak of glory to the trough over the past decade can be found out that they all have one thing in common: They have all had a glorious history. At that time, they were all local pillar industries and strong companies. In the structure and upgrading of local automobile products, they often played a “tragedy†role. The major assets, profits, and technical forces of the four major light truck companies were taken away and put into the new products of passenger vehicles for transformation. "Weak disease and disabled", even if the transformation is a passive measure, the four large light truck companies will eventually become "outloaded" and even "bankrupt" after barely maintaining a period of time.
Second, the current "two strong hegemony" leads the industry into a new era
Only after a decade has passed, the domestic light truck industry has undergone tremendous changes. The former industry leaders have lost all of their advantages and lost their position in the industry. They have fallen from the pinnacle of unlimited scenery to the bottom of the valley. "The Yangtze River pushes the waves after the wave and the generation is stronger than the previous generation." At present, the domestic light truck industry has undergone earth-shaking changes. With the assistance of the capital market, the "small-scale generations" of Beijing Foton Motor Co., Ltd. and Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd. have been able to become bigger and stronger. At present, they have formed the trend of "two strong hegemony." Together occupying half of the domestic light truck industry, the domestic light truck industry has entered a new era.
1. Beijing Foton Motor Co., Ltd.
The predecessor of Beijing Foton Motor Co., Ltd. is an agricultural vehicle factory in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. Through the effective asset restructuring of Beijing's abundant light truck resources, light trucks are used as an entry point into the auto industry, relying on a sound corporate governance structure, Taking the road of technological innovation, market innovation, mechanism innovation, and management innovation, it has achieved unprecedented rapid development and has created countless miracles in just nine years. In November 2004, Foton Motor’s 1 millionth vehicle went offline and in 1 The vehicle has created the fastest growing record in the production and sales of the Chinese automotive industry. Fukuda's era light truck ranks first in China's auto sales ranking for six consecutive years in the truck industry, becoming China's first light truck and the highest market share in Foton. Listed as one of China's top 100 listed companies by Fortune magazine and one of China's top 50 listed companies with development potential; in 2005, Foton ranked the "Top 50 Most Valuable Chinese Brands" with a brand value of 11.932 billion yuan. In April 30th, Foton Motors was awarded the title of “My Favorite Chinese Brand†by CCTV2005. Futian is the only commercial vehicle brand and the “China Commercial Vehicle First Brand†has since rang; July 19, 2009 The “Futian Index†published by the Chinese people on the quality of life of motorized vehicles was released. This is China’s first index that reveals the relevance of motor vehicles and people’s lives. This reflects Futian’s high sense of social responsibility and shows that Futian has built a harmonious society and improved The unremitting efforts of the people in their mobile life. At present, Foton Motor has developed into the most complete and largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in China.
In 2005, Foton Motors continued to maintain its dominant position in the domestic light truck market. On March 26th, 2005, Foton Corporation announced to the media at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing that the new Olympian series—beyond light trucks, MRT light trucks, and zippipka—has been listed in major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu. Compared with the listing of many cars, the listing of Olympian commercial vehicles does not seem to attract more attention. However, the industry is well aware that the listing of Olympian brings about a revolution in Chinese light vehicles. Variety. The essence of this revolutionary change lies in the fact that the Olympian products have broken through the existing Japanese Isuzu product technology platform in the domestic light truck market and made major technological innovations in the “1+36†project in terms of safety applications. Many of these technologies are domestic First. After 40 years of self-development of China's first light-duty vehicle, after a difficult exploration and relentless pursuit, Foton has once again successfully developed a new generation of light-duty vehicles and took the lead in realizing the replacement of domestic light-duty trucks. The upgrade further defended Foton Motor’s dominance in the domestic light truck industry. From January to October this year, Foton's light trucks sold 227,300 units, ranking 3rd in the industry with a market share of 37%.
2. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd.
Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd. is a rising star in the domestic commercial vehicle market in recent years. On November 21 this year, the influential China's mainstream media auto alliance in the industry and abroad published the “2005 China’s Annual Auto List†in Guangzhou. "Disclosed, JAC Trucks won the "Best Commercial Vehicle (Logistics) of the Year".
In the first ten months of this year, Jianghuai light trucks ranked the second in the domestic light truck industry with a sales volume of 61,302 units. At the same time, the product line of the JAC light trucks was fully expanded and the export volume remained the highest in the country for five consecutive years.
At present, Jianghuai Weiling Bell, Kang Ling, Jun Ma, Shuai Ling light trucks have covered the low-end light trucks to high-end light trucks, from the narrow body to the wide body of the full range of products. At the same time, JAC has adopted five unique designs in its series of light-card products. For example, JAC Shuai Ling, who currently leads the high-end light truck market, includes a number of industry-leading design factors. Stylish crystal headlights, comfortable interiors, classic Mahogany dashboard, and easy-to-control air conditioning system. These car-oriented designs have changed the monotonous feeling that people used to have. In addition, Shuai Ling has also introduced metal anti-rust paint body design, stainless steel wheel cover design, advanced power and steering system design, and fog-light front bumper design. Due to the adoption of lean production management and cost control, the cost-effectiveness of JAC light trucks has a very high advantage in similar products. The full range of products helps users achieve procurement according to actual needs, and cost-effectively reduces the cost of buying cars for users.
In 2005, the prices of domestic raw materials rose sharply, the manufacturing costs of light trucks rose generally, and the profits of light truck manufacturers fell sharply. However, the profits of Jianghuai Automobile rose in a contrarian direction. The company’s profits in the first three quarters increased by more than 50% year-on-year, becoming domestic One of the few companies in the automotive industry that has seen significant growth in profits. While further improving its product line expansion, Jianghuai Light Trucks also carried out a comprehensive construction of its service system to create value-added services for customers and realize its value-marketing concept. The intensive management model centered on customers has become the main reason for the continuous success of JAC light trucks in the market.
It is no accident that Foton Motors and JAC were able to compete in the fierce competition in the domestic light truck market. It was no accident. Relying on the strong capital advantages of the parent company and the abundant truck resources inside the company, Foton and JAC light trucks are not only on the market "Right and left," and the Vietnam War is stronger.
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