(A) the ancient Chinese gold mining historical origins <br> by the results of archaeological excavations indicate that human discovery and use of gold so far, 7,000 years of history. The mining and use of gold in China has been at least 4,000 years old. Gold was already known about the Neolithic Age.
According to the age of unearthed tombs or sites of various goldsmiths excavated by archaeologists, the earliest was the early Shang Dynasty. For example, the gold-shaped ornaments unearthed in the early tombs of the Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty in Henan, the Yin Dynasty tombs in Huixian County, Henan Province, and the gold nuggets, gold foil and gold leaves unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province, have proved that China began using gold as early as 3,500 years ago. And mastered the process technology of processing gold.
China's gold production has left its own deep impression in the history of world gold development, and constitutes an important chapter in the history of the world's gold. Judging from the history of gold mining in the world, most countries began with the mining of gold. China's gold mining activities began in the early days of the slave society. The gold washed in gold was obtained from the gravel layer containing gold. It was called “Hejin†or “Bran Gold†in the ancient times. Later, it was divided into “Golden gold†according to the differences in geological conditions. In the water sand, there are two types of gold, which are mined in the gold and the sand in the flat. The mining era of the pulse gold is much later than the sand gold, which originated between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. Working people to gain valuable gold paid a huge force, the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yu tin hardships and the production of gold nobles luxury write the poem: "sunshine state Jiang Cheng mist open, gold companion Mitsue Okuma, beautiful jewelry Hou Wangyin, all in the middle of the sand." The Shang Dynasty Golden Arms and Earrings unearthed in Pinggu, Beijing, the Zhou Dynasty Golden Cane unearthed in Sichuan Guanghan, the Han Dynasty from Jinsha Yuyi in Changsha Mawangdui, the pure gold of the Tang Dynasty The ring-shaped tin stick, the dazzling gold decoration of the Ming Dynasty, and the pieces of cultural relics show the long history of the Chinese nation's gold mining and the superb goldsmithing skills. China's gold production began in Shang, Han Yu, and fell in the two Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties banned gold from time to time, and sometimes banned, high sorghum and low fever alternated, hindering the pace of our nation's rapid development of gold production.
(II) Mining history of key gold-producing areas in China Shandong Zhaoyuan is known as the “Golden City Tianfu†and has the reputation of “Golden Capitalâ€. It has an important position in both gold production and gold mining geology and metallogenic regularity.
Among the three counties of Jixian, Zhaoyuan and Qixia in the Gushi department, the gold mine of Jindu Zhaoyuan was the earliest. Zhaoyuan is in the territory, and the Zhaoping fault zone in the north-south direction divides Zhaoyuan County into two. The eastern half is mainly a metamorphic rock distribution area, similar to Qixia. The western part is a granite- type distribution area. It extends to the flatness in the south and extends to Penglai in the north, forming a complex rock belt with a length of more than 140km and a width of more than 40~50km. Zhaoyuan Linglong Quartz vein type gold deposit and Luofeng-Taiwan altered rock belt are located in the eastern margin of the central part of the belt; the Xincheng-Jiaojia gold ore belt and the Sanshandao-Cangshang altered rock gold belt in Jixian County are located here. With the western edge of the middle.
Because the Linglong gold mine is a quartz vein type, the natural gold particle size is relatively coarse. The common gold is 0.0125~0.1mm, accounting for 51.79%. The vein boundary is clear and easy to identify. The vein group is very dense, easy to mine, and most of them. Exposed to the surface, it is eye-catching. Therefore, in the three counties of the Jiaodong area, the earliest development of the Linglong gold mine, the legend of the Northern Song Dynasty Zhenzong Jingde four years (1007 years), has sent the minister Pan Meilai to supervise the gold. It is 260 years earlier than Qixia, at least 960 years earlier than Jixian County.
Although Zhaoyuan gold mining is earlier than Qixia and Jixian, the gold mining in Jiaodong is still later than that in Luxi, and the east and west of Jiaodong is later than the eastern part of Jiaodong. Before the Qin Dynasty (before 221 BC), the record of Taishan gold production was first seen in Shanhai. Jing • Dongshan Jing (Xia Xiangrong et al., 1980), and later in the Han Shu • Emperor Wu Di: “Taishan sees gold†(Zhang Hongjun, 1927). The records of the gold mining in Jiaodong were first seen in the Yuanhe County County (Tang Li Jizhen), which was recorded as the Emperor (Wen Emperor Yang Jian) ​​in the 18th year of Emperor Kaihuang (AD 607), and the Shuzhou Xinshiyi in Changyang (now Laiyang) County. A hundred miles east yellow silver pit (Rushan in this territory) metalworking yellow silver (ie silver gold). Therefore, the gold mining in Jiaodong is at least 800 to 1000 years later than that in Luxi, while the eastern and western parts of the rubber are at least 300 years later than gold mining in the east. However, Jiaodong can surpass Luxi, so it can surpass the east and then surpass the east, and even lead the country. It is obviously related to the rich resources of Jiaodong Gold Mine, especially Jindu Zhaoyuan Gold Mine. [next]
The gold mining institutions in the Tang Dynasty were distributed in Liuzhou, but mainly in the southern sand gold, Jiaodong is not the focus. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaodong was divided into Dengzhou and Laizhou, and in the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty Taizu Jianlong (AD 960), the national gold mining supervisor (supervisor), tax (tax), metallurgy (metallurgical plant), field (race) ), pits (mine pits) are only distributed in the four states and one county, and do not include the Jiaodong Denglai two states, not as good as the Tang Dynasty. In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Yingzong's ruling years (AD 1064 ~ 1067) increased to six states and eleven smelters, and Deng and Lai two states were also included. Liuzhou Zhongjia East has occupied the second, but it is not the focus. In the first year of the Song Shenzong Yuanfeng (AD 1078), it was added to the twenty-five states, which was four times that of the Tang Dynasty. The annual output of the two countries in Deng and Lai was as high as 9583, accounting for 89.5% of the national total. The gold production in Jiaodong is playing a pivotal role in the country.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Jinyuan Zhaoyuan gold mining was more prosperous. In the first year of the reign of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1621), Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch, was sent to excel and supervise the gold. The area and scale were further expanded. According to the "Zhaoyuan County Zhi·Yi Wen" (Qing Zhang Zuo Li, etc.) , 1660 AD) Carrying Mao Zedong, "Jinhua Mountain": "Thousands of Jinji Caves in the Ming Dynasty, and the axe holding the axe to cut Qinsong" reflects the splendid state of mining at that time. Jinhua Mountain is 20km northwest of Zhaoyuan County, 30km southwest of Linglong Gold Mine, standing on the plain in the northwest of Zhaoyuan, with an elevation of 192.3m. It has Wangershan Gold Mine in the west, Jinzhuang Gold Mine in the east, Huangqiling Gold Mine in the southwest, Lingshan Gold Mine in the southeast, Hedong and Hexi Gold Mines in the northwest, and the former Sunjia and Qisunjia gold mines in the northeast. Cut by the Jinhuashan fault, the mountain shape is distorted, and there is also gold mineralization. In the Ming Dynasty, there were thousands of golden caves in the Jinhua Mountain area. It can be seen that the mining of the original gold mines in Zhaoyuan was prosperous. According to the "Zhaoyuan County Zhishan", it is recorded that the mining of gold is also in its peak. “Taojin River is in the northwest of the county forty miles, and the northeast fifteen miles into the boundary riverâ€. According to the Taojin River, it originated from the northern edge of the Lingbei (Lingshan-North Section) fault zone in the northwest of Zhaoyuan. It has passed through Jinhua Mountain and Wanger Mountain. A series of fault zones that flow northward into the boundary river. Gold mineralization along the way is very dense, rich in gold, gold rushers, and the Jinjin River is named after it.
In the Guangxu period of the late Qing Dynasty, when the development of the gold mine in the eastern part of Jiaodong was in the stage of contraction and suspension, Jindu Zhaoyuan in the east and west of Jiaojiao not only developed a large amount of developed gold deposits and gold in the northwestern altered rock type, Linglong quartz vein type gold mine. Due to the absorption of investment by government officials and overseas Chinese businessmen, and the introduction of foreign advanced technology and equipment, the output has increased significantly. In the twenty-three to twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (AD 1897 to 1898), there were as many as 3,000 miners in Linglong Gold Mine, with an annual output of 7,000 jin and 1300 silver. At that time, only the amount of gold produced by Linglong was about 65.36% of the annual output of the Northern Song Dynasty Yuanfeng, and 73.05% of the total gold production of Jiaodong. It can be seen that Jindu Zhaoyuan occupied an important position in the Qing Dynasty.
The history of the development of Jiaodong Gold Mine and Jindu Zhaoyuan shows that the gold production in Jiaodong has been leading several times in the country since the Northern Song Dynasty. Although it has gone through thousands of years, it has not only declined, but has been flourishing, and it has been the resources of Jiaodong Gold Mine, especially Zhaoyuan Gold Mine. The resources are very rich, and it is also related to people's deepening understanding of them and the continuous improvement of technology.
(3) The distribution of gold producing areas in China has been rich in ancient books. The gold mineral producing areas, gold mining activities, gold mine descriptions and gold deposits of the dynasties have been described in different degrees. As far as the gold producing area is concerned, the pre-Qin period: Lishui in Yunnan, Dongting in Hunan, Hanshui in Hubei, and Weihe in Henan. From the Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, Shandong has Penglai and Qixian, Shaanxi has Xicheng (now Ankang) Luonan, Sichuan has Meizhou and Guangyuan, and the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, gold mines have increased sharply, Hebei has Qian'an and Fengrun, and Shanxi has Ganzhou. There are Raozhou and Fuzhou in Jiangxi, Qixia and Laizhou in Shandong, Chizhou in Anhui, Yuezhou in Hunan and Lantian in Shaanxi. In addition, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi, and the three northeastern provinces all have gold mine output, and many places continue to be an important gold-producing base and an important gold-producing province in China.
According to the age of unearthed tombs or sites of various goldsmiths excavated by archaeologists, the earliest was the early Shang Dynasty. For example, the gold-shaped ornaments unearthed in the early tombs of the Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty in Henan, the Yin Dynasty tombs in Huixian County, Henan Province, and the gold nuggets, gold foil and gold leaves unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province, have proved that China began using gold as early as 3,500 years ago. And mastered the process technology of processing gold.
China's gold production has left its own deep impression in the history of world gold development, and constitutes an important chapter in the history of the world's gold. Judging from the history of gold mining in the world, most countries began with the mining of gold. China's gold mining activities began in the early days of the slave society. The gold washed in gold was obtained from the gravel layer containing gold. It was called “Hejin†or “Bran Gold†in the ancient times. Later, it was divided into “Golden gold†according to the differences in geological conditions. In the water sand, there are two types of gold, which are mined in the gold and the sand in the flat. The mining era of the pulse gold is much later than the sand gold, which originated between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. Working people to gain valuable gold paid a huge force, the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yu tin hardships and the production of gold nobles luxury write the poem: "sunshine state Jiang Cheng mist open, gold companion Mitsue Okuma, beautiful jewelry Hou Wangyin, all in the middle of the sand." The Shang Dynasty Golden Arms and Earrings unearthed in Pinggu, Beijing, the Zhou Dynasty Golden Cane unearthed in Sichuan Guanghan, the Han Dynasty from Jinsha Yuyi in Changsha Mawangdui, the pure gold of the Tang Dynasty The ring-shaped tin stick, the dazzling gold decoration of the Ming Dynasty, and the pieces of cultural relics show the long history of the Chinese nation's gold mining and the superb goldsmithing skills. China's gold production began in Shang, Han Yu, and fell in the two Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties banned gold from time to time, and sometimes banned, high sorghum and low fever alternated, hindering the pace of our nation's rapid development of gold production.
(II) Mining history of key gold-producing areas in China Shandong Zhaoyuan is known as the “Golden City Tianfu†and has the reputation of “Golden Capitalâ€. It has an important position in both gold production and gold mining geology and metallogenic regularity.
Among the three counties of Jixian, Zhaoyuan and Qixia in the Gushi department, the gold mine of Jindu Zhaoyuan was the earliest. Zhaoyuan is in the territory, and the Zhaoping fault zone in the north-south direction divides Zhaoyuan County into two. The eastern half is mainly a metamorphic rock distribution area, similar to Qixia. The western part is a granite- type distribution area. It extends to the flatness in the south and extends to Penglai in the north, forming a complex rock belt with a length of more than 140km and a width of more than 40~50km. Zhaoyuan Linglong Quartz vein type gold deposit and Luofeng-Taiwan altered rock belt are located in the eastern margin of the central part of the belt; the Xincheng-Jiaojia gold ore belt and the Sanshandao-Cangshang altered rock gold belt in Jixian County are located here. With the western edge of the middle.
Because the Linglong gold mine is a quartz vein type, the natural gold particle size is relatively coarse. The common gold is 0.0125~0.1mm, accounting for 51.79%. The vein boundary is clear and easy to identify. The vein group is very dense, easy to mine, and most of them. Exposed to the surface, it is eye-catching. Therefore, in the three counties of the Jiaodong area, the earliest development of the Linglong gold mine, the legend of the Northern Song Dynasty Zhenzong Jingde four years (1007 years), has sent the minister Pan Meilai to supervise the gold. It is 260 years earlier than Qixia, at least 960 years earlier than Jixian County.
Although Zhaoyuan gold mining is earlier than Qixia and Jixian, the gold mining in Jiaodong is still later than that in Luxi, and the east and west of Jiaodong is later than the eastern part of Jiaodong. Before the Qin Dynasty (before 221 BC), the record of Taishan gold production was first seen in Shanhai. Jing • Dongshan Jing (Xia Xiangrong et al., 1980), and later in the Han Shu • Emperor Wu Di: “Taishan sees gold†(Zhang Hongjun, 1927). The records of the gold mining in Jiaodong were first seen in the Yuanhe County County (Tang Li Jizhen), which was recorded as the Emperor (Wen Emperor Yang Jian) ​​in the 18th year of Emperor Kaihuang (AD 607), and the Shuzhou Xinshiyi in Changyang (now Laiyang) County. A hundred miles east yellow silver pit (Rushan in this territory) metalworking yellow silver (ie silver gold). Therefore, the gold mining in Jiaodong is at least 800 to 1000 years later than that in Luxi, while the eastern and western parts of the rubber are at least 300 years later than gold mining in the east. However, Jiaodong can surpass Luxi, so it can surpass the east and then surpass the east, and even lead the country. It is obviously related to the rich resources of Jiaodong Gold Mine, especially Jindu Zhaoyuan Gold Mine. [next]
The gold mining institutions in the Tang Dynasty were distributed in Liuzhou, but mainly in the southern sand gold, Jiaodong is not the focus. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaodong was divided into Dengzhou and Laizhou, and in the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty Taizu Jianlong (AD 960), the national gold mining supervisor (supervisor), tax (tax), metallurgy (metallurgical plant), field (race) ), pits (mine pits) are only distributed in the four states and one county, and do not include the Jiaodong Denglai two states, not as good as the Tang Dynasty. In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Yingzong's ruling years (AD 1064 ~ 1067) increased to six states and eleven smelters, and Deng and Lai two states were also included. Liuzhou Zhongjia East has occupied the second, but it is not the focus. In the first year of the Song Shenzong Yuanfeng (AD 1078), it was added to the twenty-five states, which was four times that of the Tang Dynasty. The annual output of the two countries in Deng and Lai was as high as 9583, accounting for 89.5% of the national total. The gold production in Jiaodong is playing a pivotal role in the country.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Jinyuan Zhaoyuan gold mining was more prosperous. In the first year of the reign of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1621), Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch, was sent to excel and supervise the gold. The area and scale were further expanded. According to the "Zhaoyuan County Zhi·Yi Wen" (Qing Zhang Zuo Li, etc.) , 1660 AD) Carrying Mao Zedong, "Jinhua Mountain": "Thousands of Jinji Caves in the Ming Dynasty, and the axe holding the axe to cut Qinsong" reflects the splendid state of mining at that time. Jinhua Mountain is 20km northwest of Zhaoyuan County, 30km southwest of Linglong Gold Mine, standing on the plain in the northwest of Zhaoyuan, with an elevation of 192.3m. It has Wangershan Gold Mine in the west, Jinzhuang Gold Mine in the east, Huangqiling Gold Mine in the southwest, Lingshan Gold Mine in the southeast, Hedong and Hexi Gold Mines in the northwest, and the former Sunjia and Qisunjia gold mines in the northeast. Cut by the Jinhuashan fault, the mountain shape is distorted, and there is also gold mineralization. In the Ming Dynasty, there were thousands of golden caves in the Jinhua Mountain area. It can be seen that the mining of the original gold mines in Zhaoyuan was prosperous. According to the "Zhaoyuan County Zhishan", it is recorded that the mining of gold is also in its peak. “Taojin River is in the northwest of the county forty miles, and the northeast fifteen miles into the boundary riverâ€. According to the Taojin River, it originated from the northern edge of the Lingbei (Lingshan-North Section) fault zone in the northwest of Zhaoyuan. It has passed through Jinhua Mountain and Wanger Mountain. A series of fault zones that flow northward into the boundary river. Gold mineralization along the way is very dense, rich in gold, gold rushers, and the Jinjin River is named after it.
In the Guangxu period of the late Qing Dynasty, when the development of the gold mine in the eastern part of Jiaodong was in the stage of contraction and suspension, Jindu Zhaoyuan in the east and west of Jiaojiao not only developed a large amount of developed gold deposits and gold in the northwestern altered rock type, Linglong quartz vein type gold mine. Due to the absorption of investment by government officials and overseas Chinese businessmen, and the introduction of foreign advanced technology and equipment, the output has increased significantly. In the twenty-three to twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (AD 1897 to 1898), there were as many as 3,000 miners in Linglong Gold Mine, with an annual output of 7,000 jin and 1300 silver. At that time, only the amount of gold produced by Linglong was about 65.36% of the annual output of the Northern Song Dynasty Yuanfeng, and 73.05% of the total gold production of Jiaodong. It can be seen that Jindu Zhaoyuan occupied an important position in the Qing Dynasty.
The history of the development of Jiaodong Gold Mine and Jindu Zhaoyuan shows that the gold production in Jiaodong has been leading several times in the country since the Northern Song Dynasty. Although it has gone through thousands of years, it has not only declined, but has been flourishing, and it has been the resources of Jiaodong Gold Mine, especially Zhaoyuan Gold Mine. The resources are very rich, and it is also related to people's deepening understanding of them and the continuous improvement of technology.
(3) The distribution of gold producing areas in China has been rich in ancient books. The gold mineral producing areas, gold mining activities, gold mine descriptions and gold deposits of the dynasties have been described in different degrees. As far as the gold producing area is concerned, the pre-Qin period: Lishui in Yunnan, Dongting in Hunan, Hanshui in Hubei, and Weihe in Henan. From the Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, Shandong has Penglai and Qixian, Shaanxi has Xicheng (now Ankang) Luonan, Sichuan has Meizhou and Guangyuan, and the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, gold mines have increased sharply, Hebei has Qian'an and Fengrun, and Shanxi has Ganzhou. There are Raozhou and Fuzhou in Jiangxi, Qixia and Laizhou in Shandong, Chizhou in Anhui, Yuezhou in Hunan and Lantian in Shaanxi. In addition, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi, and the three northeastern provinces all have gold mine output, and many places continue to be an important gold-producing base and an important gold-producing province in China.
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