The construction of mine safety production security system in developed countries can be roughly divided into two modes. One is the one-track system model of mine safety production guarantee represented by the United States. It refers to a management mode that is led by the national safety supervision organization and is responsible for the work of law making, safety supervision, technical supervision, and personnel training. The other is a two-track system model for mine safety production, represented by Germany. Since the German mine safety guarantee system was established in accordance with the legal provisions of industrial injury insurance, the government agencies and the Industrial Accident Insurance Association have formed a mutual cooperation and joint enforcement. Mine safety and security dual-track system.

1. Perfect mine laws and regulations

US 1910 to protect the safety and health of mine workers legislation, promulgated the "Bureau of Mines Law", in 1941 promulgated the "Coal Mine Supervision Law", in 1946 promulgated the "bituminous coal mine safety law", in 1952 promulgated the " mine safety and health Act, "enacted in 1966," metal and nonmetal mine safety law. " However, these five laws do not stipulate specific provisions for setting up mine health inspection agencies.

2. Establish and improve relevant institutions

Implement the national mine safety and health supervision system. The Ministry of Labor has a Mine Safety and Health Supervision Office (NHSA). It has 10 regional offices, 17 district offices and 60 on-site offices. It is responsible for the safety and health supervision of mining enterprises across the country. The Mine Safety and Health Technical Support Center is a technical supervision and service organization under the leadership of the Ministry of Labor. It mainly provides technical services for mine safety and health supervision and enterprises. It also undertakes product testing and appraisal, and on-site lifting equipment and dust samples. The Mine Safety and Health College of the Ministry of Labor, the main task is to train mine safety and health inspectors, divided into two types of training and re-education training. In addition, expert training and special training are provided for engineers and technicians of safety technology supervision and enterprise safety management personnel.

3. Establishment of strict management system

The state implements a mine safety and health supervision system and implements a vertical leadership management system. The ombudsman shall perform the duties of mine safety and health supervision in accordance with the law, and if problems are found, the rectification instructions may be issued in a timely manner, and the offenders will be severely punished. For technical problems that are difficult to solve, technical services can be provided by the Mine Safety and Health Technical Support Center. In order to improve the quality of management personnel, the Safety Training and Education Institute can provide training services. Mine safety and health supervision, technical supervision and service, training and education are organically combined, and the work is very standardized. In the event of an accident involving more than three deaths in the mine, in order to inspect the work of the inspectors in the administrative area of ​​the Bank, a survey system for off-site inspectors was adopted. At the same time, the Ministry of Labor has an Office of the Inspector General to supervise the ombudsman to properly exercise his powers and prevent illegal or unethical behavior. Through legislation and intensified supervision, mine owners and miners are generally able to consciously abide by laws and regulations, conduct mines according to law, and produce according to law. First, it deterizes the severe punishment of the national security inspection system. Second, it is in the pursuit of maximizing the demand for efficiency, and has a higher understanding of safe production. They use the principle of “safety first, quality second, cost third” to grasp production, and generally adopt 3E-based security management mode. Promote safety production excellence plan and safety management system certification system. Workers are linked to wages and bonuses to safe production, and the rewards and punishments are clearly defined, mobilizing the enthusiasm of workers.

4, ample financial security

The state allocates 200 million U.S. dollars to the Mine Safety Supervision Department every year, and has the funds for steering equipment, provides the necessary equipment for advanced safety supervision, and implements a regular replacement and elimination system. The mine safety and health technical support center undertakes the inspection and inspection work, no charge, the expenses required by the state shall be allocated by the state, and the testing and inspection of the safety instruments and equipment produced by the developer shall be charged at the cost, and shall be paid to the state finance. All products shall be posted after passing the inspection. The NBHA logo can be used in mines. The mine safety and health college and re-education work are funded by the state and are entitled to wages during the training of in-service personnel.

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