In recent years, the manufacturing industry has become more and more fierce in the world, and the ability to provide customers with high-quality products with high efficiency and low consumption in the shortest possible time has become a symbol of the competitiveness of enterprises. . The mold is called the father of industry. The quality of the mold will directly affect the quality of the product, its production, its cost, the time it takes for the new product to be put into production and the replacement of the old product, the speed at which the company's product structure is adjusted, and the market's competitiveness. The quality of the mold has raised higher and higher requirements. So how can we improve mold quality more reasonably? In other words, how can we allow the mold to produce quality-qualified parts more accurately and at low cost and high efficiency over a longer period of time and with more modes? This has increasingly become the focus of attention. Mold quality is not a simple topic. It includes the following aspects:
(1) product quality: product size stability, conformity, surface finish, product material utilization, etc.;
(2) Service life: under the premise of ensuring product quality, the number of work cycles that can be completed by the mold or the number of manufactured parts;
(3) the use of mold maintenance: whether it is the most convenient to use, easy mold release, production assisted time as short as possible;
(4) Maintenance costs, maintenance periodicity, and so on.
The basic way to improve the quality of the mold:
(1) Firstly, the design of the parts should be reasonable, and the best structural scheme should be selected as much as possible. The designers of the parts must consider that the technical requirements and the structure of the parts must conform to the processability and feasibility of the mold manufacturing.
(2) The design of the mold is the most important step to improve the quality of the mold. Many factors need to be taken into consideration, including the selection of mold materials, the usability and safety of the mold structure, the processability of mold parts and the convenience of mold maintenance. At the beginning of the design, it should be considered as thorough as possible.
1 The choice of mold material must meet the customer's requirements for product quality, but also take into account the cost of the material and its strength in the set period, of course, but also according to the type of mold, the use of work, processing speed, the main form of failure Factors such as selection. For example, the main failure mode of blanking die is edge wear, and it is necessary to select materials with high surface hardness and good abrasion resistance; stamping die is mainly subjected to cyclical loads, which can easily cause surface fatigue cracks and lead to surface peeling. Good surface toughness materials; drawing die should choose materials with low friction coefficient; die casting die due to cyclic thermal stress, it should choose a material with strong thermal fatigue; for injection molding, when the plastic parts are ABS, PP, PC For such materials, the mold material can be pre-hardened and tempered steel. When the plastic parts are of high gloss and transparent material, the corrosion-resistant stainless steel can be selected. When the product volume is large, the quenched and tempered steel can be selected. In addition, it is also necessary to consider the use of mold materials that have a low affinity with the parts in order to prevent the molds from aggravating the wear of the mold parts and thus affecting the quality of the mold.
2 When the mold structure is designed, it should be compact and easy to operate. It must also ensure that the mold parts have sufficient strength and rigidity. When the mold structure allows, the corners of the mold parts' surfaces should be designed as rounded transitions to avoid stress concentration. For the die, cavity and part of the punch, core, can be used in combination or inlay structure to eliminate stress concentration, elongated punch or core, in the structure to take appropriate protective measures; for cold die, should Configure devices that prevent the clogging of parts or materials (eg ejector pins, compressed air, etc.). At the same time, we must consider how to reduce the impact on the quality of the mold caused by wear of sliding fittings and frequently impacted parts during long-term use.
3 In the design, it is necessary to reduce the scope of dismounting when repairing a certain component. Especially when the wearing parts are replaced, the scope of dismounting should be reduced as much as possible.
(3) The manufacturing process of the mold is also an important part of ensuring the quality of the mold. The processing method and machining accuracy in the mold manufacturing process will also affect the service life of the mold. The accuracy of each component directly affects the overall assembly of the mold. In addition to the influence of the accuracy of the device itself, it is necessary to improve the processing technology of the component and improve the technical level of the fitter in the mold grinding process to improve the processing precision of the mold component. If the overall assembly effect of the mold does not meet the requirements, the chance of the mold operating under abnormal conditions in the test mold will increase, which will have a great influence on the overall quality of the mold. Luo Baihui, a mold expert, believes that in order to ensure that the mold has a good original precision—the quality of the original mold, a high-precision machining method such as EDM, wire cutting, CNC machining, etc. must be reasonably selected in the manufacturing process. At the same time, attention should be paid to the mold. Accuracy inspection, including the precision and precision of the mold parts, and the accuracy of the inspection molds through the inspection and acceptance of the molds, the high-precision measuring instruments should be used as far as possible. For those mold parts with complex surface and curved surfaces, Ordinary rulers and vernier cards cannot achieve accurate measurement data. At this time, precision measurement equipment such as a three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument is required to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.
(4) Surface strengthening of the main forming parts of the mold to improve the wear resistance of the mold parts surface, so as to better improve the mold quality. For surface hardening, different strengthening methods should be selected according to the different uses of the mold. For example: the die can be used EDM, carbide surfacing, etc., to improve the wear resistance and compressive strength of the mold parts surface; die-casting molds, plastic molds and other hot-working die steel parts can be nitriding (hard nitrogen (chemical) treatment to improve the wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance and erosion resistance of the parts; the drawing die and the bending die can be treated with sulfur to reduce the friction coefficient and improve the wear resistance of the material; carbonitriding (Soft nitriding) can be applied to the surface hardening treatment of various types of molds. In addition, a vacuum vapor-deposited film technology called FCVA developed in recent years can form an extremely strong and smooth, uniform and dense protective film on the surface of parts, which is particularly suitable for mold surface protection. Treatment is also an effective way to increase the quality of the mold. Of course, if the product is a trial product or if the production volume is relatively small, the surface hardening treatment of the mold part does not necessarily have to be performed.
(5) The correct use and maintenance of the mold is also a major factor in improving the quality of the mold. For example, the installation and adjustment of the mold should be appropriate. In the case of hot runners, the power supply wiring must be correct. The cooling water circuit must meet the design requirements. The parameters of the injection molding machine, die casting machine, and press in the production mold must meet the design requirements. and many more. In the correct use of the mold, the mold needs to be regularly maintained. The guide column, guide bushing and other parts with relative motion of the mold should be often filled with lubricating oil. For molds such as forging dies, plastic dies and die casting dies, etc. Lubricant or release agent should be sprayed on the surface of the forming part before molding. The planned preventive maintenance of the mold and the data processing in the maintenance process can prevent problems that may occur in the production of the mold and improve the maintenance work efficiency.
In short, in order to improve the quality of the mold, we must first consider the impact on the quality of the mold in each link, and secondly must be through the cooperation of all departments. The quality of the mold is a true manifestation of the strength of the mold enterprise itself.
Conclusion Quality is an old and often new topic! The quality of the mold, whether it is the designer and manufacturer of the mold, the designer of the part, or the user of the mold, should be a matter of active concern, with the constant innovation of technology, the widespread adoption of new materials, and the continuous transformation of the processing technology , The difference in use and maintenance conditions, etc., all affect the quality of the mold in varying degrees. The "mold quality" covers a wide range and is quite complex. There are many ways to improve the quality of the mold, and there are many ways. This article only elaborates on its own point of view. It should enable readers of the mold industry to "how to improve the mold quality. "There is a broader and deeper understanding.
(1) product quality: product size stability, conformity, surface finish, product material utilization, etc.;
(2) Service life: under the premise of ensuring product quality, the number of work cycles that can be completed by the mold or the number of manufactured parts;
(3) the use of mold maintenance: whether it is the most convenient to use, easy mold release, production assisted time as short as possible;
(4) Maintenance costs, maintenance periodicity, and so on.
The basic way to improve the quality of the mold:
(1) Firstly, the design of the parts should be reasonable, and the best structural scheme should be selected as much as possible. The designers of the parts must consider that the technical requirements and the structure of the parts must conform to the processability and feasibility of the mold manufacturing.
(2) The design of the mold is the most important step to improve the quality of the mold. Many factors need to be taken into consideration, including the selection of mold materials, the usability and safety of the mold structure, the processability of mold parts and the convenience of mold maintenance. At the beginning of the design, it should be considered as thorough as possible.
1 The choice of mold material must meet the customer's requirements for product quality, but also take into account the cost of the material and its strength in the set period, of course, but also according to the type of mold, the use of work, processing speed, the main form of failure Factors such as selection. For example, the main failure mode of blanking die is edge wear, and it is necessary to select materials with high surface hardness and good abrasion resistance; stamping die is mainly subjected to cyclical loads, which can easily cause surface fatigue cracks and lead to surface peeling. Good surface toughness materials; drawing die should choose materials with low friction coefficient; die casting die due to cyclic thermal stress, it should choose a material with strong thermal fatigue; for injection molding, when the plastic parts are ABS, PP, PC For such materials, the mold material can be pre-hardened and tempered steel. When the plastic parts are of high gloss and transparent material, the corrosion-resistant stainless steel can be selected. When the product volume is large, the quenched and tempered steel can be selected. In addition, it is also necessary to consider the use of mold materials that have a low affinity with the parts in order to prevent the molds from aggravating the wear of the mold parts and thus affecting the quality of the mold.
2 When the mold structure is designed, it should be compact and easy to operate. It must also ensure that the mold parts have sufficient strength and rigidity. When the mold structure allows, the corners of the mold parts' surfaces should be designed as rounded transitions to avoid stress concentration. For the die, cavity and part of the punch, core, can be used in combination or inlay structure to eliminate stress concentration, elongated punch or core, in the structure to take appropriate protective measures; for cold die, should Configure devices that prevent the clogging of parts or materials (eg ejector pins, compressed air, etc.). At the same time, we must consider how to reduce the impact on the quality of the mold caused by wear of sliding fittings and frequently impacted parts during long-term use.
3 In the design, it is necessary to reduce the scope of dismounting when repairing a certain component. Especially when the wearing parts are replaced, the scope of dismounting should be reduced as much as possible.
(3) The manufacturing process of the mold is also an important part of ensuring the quality of the mold. The processing method and machining accuracy in the mold manufacturing process will also affect the service life of the mold. The accuracy of each component directly affects the overall assembly of the mold. In addition to the influence of the accuracy of the device itself, it is necessary to improve the processing technology of the component and improve the technical level of the fitter in the mold grinding process to improve the processing precision of the mold component. If the overall assembly effect of the mold does not meet the requirements, the chance of the mold operating under abnormal conditions in the test mold will increase, which will have a great influence on the overall quality of the mold. Luo Baihui, a mold expert, believes that in order to ensure that the mold has a good original precision—the quality of the original mold, a high-precision machining method such as EDM, wire cutting, CNC machining, etc. must be reasonably selected in the manufacturing process. At the same time, attention should be paid to the mold. Accuracy inspection, including the precision and precision of the mold parts, and the accuracy of the inspection molds through the inspection and acceptance of the molds, the high-precision measuring instruments should be used as far as possible. For those mold parts with complex surface and curved surfaces, Ordinary rulers and vernier cards cannot achieve accurate measurement data. At this time, precision measurement equipment such as a three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument is required to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.
(4) Surface strengthening of the main forming parts of the mold to improve the wear resistance of the mold parts surface, so as to better improve the mold quality. For surface hardening, different strengthening methods should be selected according to the different uses of the mold. For example: the die can be used EDM, carbide surfacing, etc., to improve the wear resistance and compressive strength of the mold parts surface; die-casting molds, plastic molds and other hot-working die steel parts can be nitriding (hard nitrogen (chemical) treatment to improve the wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance and erosion resistance of the parts; the drawing die and the bending die can be treated with sulfur to reduce the friction coefficient and improve the wear resistance of the material; carbonitriding (Soft nitriding) can be applied to the surface hardening treatment of various types of molds. In addition, a vacuum vapor-deposited film technology called FCVA developed in recent years can form an extremely strong and smooth, uniform and dense protective film on the surface of parts, which is particularly suitable for mold surface protection. Treatment is also an effective way to increase the quality of the mold. Of course, if the product is a trial product or if the production volume is relatively small, the surface hardening treatment of the mold part does not necessarily have to be performed.
(5) The correct use and maintenance of the mold is also a major factor in improving the quality of the mold. For example, the installation and adjustment of the mold should be appropriate. In the case of hot runners, the power supply wiring must be correct. The cooling water circuit must meet the design requirements. The parameters of the injection molding machine, die casting machine, and press in the production mold must meet the design requirements. and many more. In the correct use of the mold, the mold needs to be regularly maintained. The guide column, guide bushing and other parts with relative motion of the mold should be often filled with lubricating oil. For molds such as forging dies, plastic dies and die casting dies, etc. Lubricant or release agent should be sprayed on the surface of the forming part before molding. The planned preventive maintenance of the mold and the data processing in the maintenance process can prevent problems that may occur in the production of the mold and improve the maintenance work efficiency.
In short, in order to improve the quality of the mold, we must first consider the impact on the quality of the mold in each link, and secondly must be through the cooperation of all departments. The quality of the mold is a true manifestation of the strength of the mold enterprise itself.
Conclusion Quality is an old and often new topic! The quality of the mold, whether it is the designer and manufacturer of the mold, the designer of the part, or the user of the mold, should be a matter of active concern, with the constant innovation of technology, the widespread adoption of new materials, and the continuous transformation of the processing technology , The difference in use and maintenance conditions, etc., all affect the quality of the mold in varying degrees. The "mold quality" covers a wide range and is quite complex. There are many ways to improve the quality of the mold, and there are many ways. This article only elaborates on its own point of view. It should enable readers of the mold industry to "how to improve the mold quality. "There is a broader and deeper understanding.
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