Legal means
For a long time, China's water pollution prevention and control is mainly based on sound legal system and strengthening environmental moral education, supplemented by certain economic penalties. In 1996, the National People's Congress revised the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law. The revised Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law embodies that China's water pollution prevention and control is mainly from decentralized governance to centralized control and decentralized governance. The main steering to the whole process control, clean production, from a single concentration control to the combination of concentration control and total control, from regional management to the transformation of regional management and watershed management to guide the transformation of the guiding ideology for China to further strengthen water pollution The supervision and management of prevention and control work and the strengthening of law enforcement have laid a solid legal foundation.
2. Administrative means
(1) Emissions up to the standard discharge is the state's administrative means to stipulate that the industrial pollution source must achieve the corresponding national or local sewage discharge standards, otherwise it will take measures such as shutting down, stopping, transferring and transferring. Time limit requirements for corporate pollution control, and supervision and inspection according to this, greatly improved the sense of responsibility and urgency of corporate pollution control, and greatly enhanced the sense of responsibility and supervision of local governments at all levels, and promoted the clean production and industrial structure of enterprises. Adjustment.
An important consideration for compliance with emissions management is the water use and water characteristics of each basin. On the basis of national standards, all localities should combine the requirements of local social and economic development and ecological environmental protection for water resources and water environment quality, consider the actual pollution capacity of water bodies, and formulate specific water quality standards for watersheds and even rivers. For river basins with relatively poor social and economic industrial structure, serious pollution and difficult governance, a plan should be formulated in a phased manner to achieve a clear water body and ensure sustainable use of water resources.
(2) The total amount control total control is a management method that controls the total amount of pollutants discharged from the pollution source according to the functional requirements of the water body and the self-purification ability. The basic starting point is the water quality restriction requirement to ensure the function of the water body. In order to implement the total control of water pollution prevention and control, it is first necessary to formulate a regional water quality plan, formulate the main pollutants discharged into the water body and the total allowable pollutant discharge of each enterprise, and also control the total pollutant discharge with each enterprise. The total amount of pollutant discharge proposed by the plan is coordinated and unified. The total pollutant control can transform the water environmental quality target into the total loss control index and implement it into the various management of the enterprise. It is the basis for the environmental protection supervision department to issue the emission permit, and is also one of the basic basis for business management. . Considering the natural characteristics of each region, clarifying the laws of diffusion, migration and transfer of pollutants in the environment and the purification of pollutants, calculating the environmental capacity, and comprehensively analyzing the pollution sources in the region, by establishing a certain digital model, Calculate the pollution sharing rate of each source and the corresponding total allowable emission of pollutants, and find the optimal plan so that each pollution source can only discharge the total amount of emissions that is less than the total emission standard.
3. Economic means
The economic means of water environmental pollution management include drainage permit, increased allowable and sewage charge system; sewage treatment marketization, collecting water pollution treatment fee while collecting water fee. The sewage treatment plant implements enterprise management and verifies the charging standards according to the cost.
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