Effects of different moisture and different temperatures on soil nitrification
Nitrogen is one of the main factors limiting the productivity of various ecosystems. Soil organic nitrogen must be transformed into inorganic nitrogen that can be absorbed and utilized by plants through the action of soil microorganisms. This process is called nitrogen mineralization. Studies have shown that temperature, moisture and other factors affect the process of soil nitrogen mineralization.
From the perspective of the composition of mineralized nitrogen, the nitrate nitrogen content increased significantly, while the ammonium nitrogen content decreased, which may be in the process of nitrification, that is, NH4-N is rapidly oxidized to NO2--N, and further oxidized to NO3-- The continuous increase of N and NO3--N concentrations inhibits the growth of denitrifying bacteria, further inhibits the conversion of NO2--N to NO3--N, and may result in the loss of some N2O during the nitrification process. In forest soils, the release of ammonia was also observed. Studies have shown that the maximum net mineralization rate usually occurs at 25~35°C, and the optimum soil mineralization rate of typical grassland is 15~35°C, and it increases with the increase of temperature. Zhang Shulan et al.'s study believes that 20 °C can delay nitrification, but the rate is reduced. 30 °C is the most suitable soil nitrification temperature in Shaanxi, and the critical point of microbial activity in temperate forest soil is around 20 °C. It shows that nitrification is dominated by the mineralization process, and the optimum mineralization temperature range varies with the soil type, which is the evolutionary adaptation of nitrifying microorganisms. The temperature can be measured with the temperature and humidity autograph.
The study found that under the same water conditions, the maximum net mineralization rate appeared at 25°C. The net mineralization rates at 5 and 15°C were significantly lower than 25°C, indicating that the net mineralization rate had a turning point at 15°C, indicating that 25°C is beneficial to The nitrification of black soil, the critical temperature of nitrification in the soil of alfalfa grassland in autumn is about 15°C. Self-reporting thermo-hygrometers are used to determine the temperature at which the maximum net mineralization rate occurs, and can keep track of changes in temperature and record. At low temperature, both ages show net nitrogen retention. Under low temperature conditions, nitrogen mineralization mainly accumulates NH4+-N, which is expressed as nitrogen retention. This is because the process of nitrification is slowed down at low temperature, and nitrifying bacteria are more than ammoniated microorganisms. It takes longer to adapt to the cold environment. As the culture temperature is gradually reduced, the microbiological nitrogen and total nitrogen retention rate will also increase due to the growth of suitable microbial populations. The nitrifying bacteria are aerobic microorganisms whose activity is strongly affected by the partial pressure of nitrogen in the soil, which in turn is affected by the soil moisture content. In general, as soil moisture content increases, the soil nitrogen mineralization rate increases, nitrification. The optimum moisture content range is from 50% to 70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. It is also reported that under the condition of 15-30°C, the nitrification rate of sandy loam relative to the soil moisture content of 30% to 60% is close to that of Nitrification is insensitive to soil moisture.
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