At present, the Shanghai Free Trade Zone has formed a series of institutional innovations that can be replicated and promoted, 21 of which are promoted nationwide or in some regions. In addition, there are 33 projects that have the basis for replication and promotion, and a number of reform and innovation issues are accelerating practice.
Senior leaders have repeatedly stated that the Shanghai Free Trade Zone should explore the experience of replicating and promoting, which has led many provinces and cities to see the hope of “increasing staff” in the free trade zone.
Liu Enzhu, executive director of the Tianjin Free Trade Zone Research Institute, told reporters that the official name of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone "China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone" has two brackets in Shanghai, which means that the words in brackets It can be turned into another province or city, which means that the free trade zone will not be the only one in Shanghai.
Yang Kaizhong, a professor at Peking University and director of the China Regional Economic Research Center, told reporters that after the expansion of the free trade zone, after a period of exploration, the next step will be to expand to the mainland. The Yangtze River region will be an important layout axis, along the border region. Even Xinjiang is possible.
Tianjin: In the north of the Free Trade Zone, in fact, after the approval of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, more than 30 provinces and cities across the country submitted applications for the establishment of a free trade zone to the State Council. To prevent local governments from rushing, the State Council even in 2014. In June, all the free trade zone declarations were suspended. On November 6, the Director of the Information Department of the Tianjin Municipal Commission of Commerce, Wei Weizhong, told reporters that it was impossible to disclose more information about the free trade zone until the official news came out. And many other relevant departments in Tianjin also launched a "low-key competition", they relaxed in tone when they were interviewed by telephone, but they refused to say more than one word.
In mid-2013, Tianjin has reported the earliest free trade zone plan to the State Council. In the past 17 months, Tianjin has been quite optimistic about the approval. Only when the FTA report was temporarily suspended in June this year, there was a temporary pessimism, but people soon hoped that Premier Li Keqiang would announce the Tianjin Free Trade Zone when he attended the Summer Davos Forum in Tianjin. news. This wish has not become a reality, but Li Keqiang mentioned in the opening speech that the experience of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone can be copied. This is almost a hidden footnote for the approval of the Tianjin Free Trade Zone.
In September of this year, Tianjin Dongjiang Bonded Port Area began to be a geotechnical investigation of the functional identification building (construction) of the Free Trade Zone located at the intersection of Xingang No. 8 Road and Xinjiang Road and the intersection of Xingang No. 8 Road and Yili Road in the east. “The bidding will be carried out between November 3 and November 10. In the tender notice, it can be found that the designed free-trade zone functional signing building covers an area of ​​27,120 square meters.”
Cai Yusheng, director of the Institute of Urban Economics of the Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, told reporters that the Dongjiang Bonded Port Area has long been exploring investment and trade service facilitation measures related to the free trade zone, and the biggest highlight of the Dongjiang Port business is Financial leasing. Cai Yusheng called it an innovative way of financial operation.
Cai Yusheng said that in this field, the work done by Dongjiang Port has been at the forefront of the country.
After the closure of the first phase of the Dongjiang Bonded Port Area in December 2007, Tianjin will regard the free trade port area as the future development direction. In March 2008, the “Tianjin Binhai New Area Comprehensive Supporting Reform Test Overall Plan” approved by the State Council clearly stated that the East The Xinjiang Bonded Port Area is regarded as the “research and exploration of the establishment of a free trade port area when conditions are ripe.” This is regarded as the central authority's permission and expectation for Tianjin to establish a free trade pilot zone.
In 2013, Tianjin's declaration preparation work was attended by experts from both Beijing and Tianjin. As a member of the expert group in Tianjin, Liu En said that the Tianjin Free Trade Zone declaration was not a simple single local government act from the beginning, but was “led by the Foreign Investment Department of the Ministry of Commerce”. Because "Tianjin established a free trade pilot zone has a dual significance from the perspective of national strategy", Liu En explained to the reporter: It has carried out a service trade investment facilitation test in line with Tianjin's actual and characteristics, and can provide experience for the whole country. It is able to promote the coordinated development of the regional economy, and even derives its third significance, which is to promote the opening of Tianjin as a whole to Northeast Asia and the Asia-Pacific region.
As one of the important economic center cities in northern China, Tianjin has the advantages of possessing ports and manufacturing centers. Cai Yusheng regards it as an advantageous condition for Tianjin to explore in the areas of port shipping facilitation and financial and industrial integration. "From the perspective of national strategy, it is necessary to carry out some positive and pilot attempts in this place in Tianjin."
The earliest reported free trade zone plan in Tianjin only included the Dongjiang Bonded Port Area. This 30-square-kilometer area obviously cannot fully assume such a heavy responsibility. Therefore, many jurisdictions of Binhai New Area are included in the planning scope of the Tianjin Free Trade Zone. Xinjiang Bonded Port Area, Central Business District, Tianjin Port (15.33, 0.53, 3.58%) Bonded Zone constitutes a new version of the Tianjin Free Trade Zone with an area of ​​more than 60 square kilometers. Liu Enzhuo believes that this provides space for the development of many large manufacturing and service industries.
However, before the State Council approved the plan, no one can determine the final positioning of the Tianjin Free Trade Zone. “Tianjin, as an old port city, has a long tradition of manufacturing. The establishment of a free trade zone for trade and investment facilitation has its own special industrial structure.” Liu Enzhu further explained, “If you are authorized, you can invest freely in trade. In the field of facilitation and piloting, Tianjin's advanced manufacturing and airport-facing industries will have a lot of free and innovative space. Liu Enzhu also believes that the Tianjin Free Trade Zone is bound to develop in cooperation with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. In line with the strategy, “Tianjin Free Trade Zone will drive the entire Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei reform and reform in trade and investment facilitation. ”
Zhang Jianping, director of the International Economic Cooperation Office of the Institute of Foreign Economic Research of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that if Tianjin wants to become the third pole of China's economic development, it will urgently need a free trade pilot zone. With this new open platform, Tianjin can be rebuilt. An international metropolis.
Tianjin, which is in urgent need of the free trade zone, is still silent. Liu Enzhu, a member of the expert group, just revealed that CCTV has already communicated with Tianjin to start preparing the video footage of the special program.
Fujian: Opposite Taiwan looked at the Fujian Free Trade Zone. The most popular versions were packaged in Xiamen, Pingtan and Fuzhou. In October, news of the Taiwanese investment zone and export processing zone in Quanzhou will also be included in the scope of the Fujian Free Trade Zone. The price of the nearby Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone will rise from 2,000 yuan per square meter to nearly 10,000 yuan. yuan.
Huang Duan, deputy director of the Fujian Provincial Government Development Research Center, told reporters that for the local area, of course, I hope that the geographical coverage of the free trade zone will be wider. "The space is bigger, and our actions are bigger."
President Xi Jinping went to Fujian for research in early November this year and was seen as supporting the Fujian Free Trade Zone. Xi Jinping specially inspected the Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone, a new national district. This experimental area is an important window for Fujian and even the mainland to strengthen cooperation with Taiwan, with a total area of ​​372 square kilometers.
The central government hopes that Fujian and Taiwan will "completely connect the economy and integrate the industry". In the eyes of Huang Duan, it is very difficult and demanding. Don't say that Fujian and Taiwan have not even been able to connect with neighboring provinces Zhejiang and Guangzhou. An important reason is that Fujian's own economic development is not enough.
Fujian's economic construction has long been lagging behind. During the first five-year plan, Fujian only got one construction project, the Yingxia Railway. This only project has nothing to do with the economy. The main purpose is to “liberate Taiwan”. Fujian, which is on the first line of Taiwan, could not carry out large-scale economic construction for a long time. After the reform and opening up, Fucheng was the forefront of all work on Taiwan. In the declaration of the free trade zone, "Taiwan" is also the primary function of the Fujian Free Trade Zone. For this reason, Huang Duan said that the experience of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone can be promoted and copied, but the experience of Fujian in the future may only be promoted and cannot be copied.
The central government's request for Fujian is to "completely connect with the economy and deepen the integration of the industry" with Taiwan, and finally realize the deep integration of the economy. In the view of Huang Duan, to achieve this goal, Fujian and Taiwan must first reach the same level in economic aggregate.
In the 36 years of reform and opening up, the ratio of Fujian's and Taiwan's economic aggregates has been chasing from 1:20 to 7:10 in 2013, while Fujian's two neighboring provinces, Zhejiang and Guangdong, have surpassed Taiwan. The central government proposed that Fujian should achieve economic aggregates to catch up with Taiwan around 2018. This requires Fujian Province to maintain a growth rate of at least 10% per year in the next few years, so that it is possible to catch up with Taiwan in terms of economic aggregates. Realize the concept of the Straits Economic Zone.
“The Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta cannot completely cover the southeast coastal areas. There is still one missing in the middle. Fujian and Taiwan together are just the Straits Economic Zone that can compete with the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta economically.” Fujian Provincial Government Development Huang Duan, deputy director of the research center, told reporters that the state approved the construction of the economic zone on the west side of the Straits. First, because of the full coverage of the national coastal regional strategy, the third growth pole of the southeastern coastal region of China - the Straits Economic Zone; The regional economies of Fujian and Taiwan have accelerated the integration of the economic zone on the west coast of the Taiwan Straits and the economic zone on the east coast of the Taiwan Straits. "That is, the problem of two growth poles or three growth poles on the southeast coast."
The best and quickest way to achieve this goal is to set up a free trade zone. "Taiwan is now setting up a 'six seas and one empty' free economy demonstration zone. If we don't have a free trade zone, we will lack a docking platform, so we must fight for it. Of course, Fujian's opening is all-round and facing the world." Huang Duan said. In the view of Zhang Jianping, director of the International Economic Cooperation Office of the Institute of Foreign Economic Research of the National Development and Reform Commission, there is another reason for Fujian to have a free trade zone policy. Fujian is one of the key provinces for the construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. There is an urgent need for a free trade. The test park came as a breakthrough.
If the final approved free trade zone plan includes Xiamen, Pingtan, Fuzhou and Quanzhou, then it is believed that Fuzhou's function is to explore all-round openness and accumulate experience that can be promoted. Xiamen is based on new services such as modern service industry, Pingtan comprehensive experiment. The district focuses on cooperation with Taiwan, and Quanzhou is cooperation in production services.
Quanzhou ranks first in the economy in Fujian Province, and it is obviously not willing to miss the free trade zone. Quanzhou Customs has begun to implement “self-transportation in the region”, “bonded display transaction”, “simplified unified import and export filing list”, “batch in and out, centralized declaration”, “concentrated tax collection” in Quanzhou Export Processing Zone. “Simplified paperless customs clearance Six documents such as “documents”.
As the most important open area in Taiwan, Pingtan is also the closest area to mainland Taiwan. There are more than 200 Taiwan-funded enterprises in Pingtan. On the basis of the preferential preferential policy model of “first-line relaxation, second-line management, separation of people and goods, and classified management”, Fuzhou Customs will use the policies of Shanghai Free Trade Zone to implement “batch” in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone. In and out, centralized declaration" and "advanced area, after customs declaration", bonded display transactions, domestic sales selective taxation, intelligent bayonet inspection and release systems.
“Pingtan is likely to become a free port after being approved in the Free Trade Zone to facilitate the entry and exit of Taiwanese personnel and goods. It is also the communication channel between Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Taiwan in the central region. Deputy Director of the Asia-Pacific Economic Research Institute of the Fujian Academy of Social Sciences Director Quan Yi believes that the Fujian Free Trade Zone will become a new channel for the opening of the Chinese mainland.
Guangdong: Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao ambition "Under the new historical conditions, Guangdong urgently needs to break through the inherent open mode." Lin Jiang, deputy director of the Hong Kong and Macau Pearl River Delta Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University, told reporters that when planning in Guangdong Province, it was initially positioned as “Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Free Trade Zone”, although once considered too big a step, but Guangdong officials have always insisted on this position.
Chen Enshi, director of the Hong Kong and Macao Economic Research Institute of Jinan University, pointed out to reporters that the establishment of a free trade zone is a new opportunity and growth point for Guangdong's economic development and structural adjustment, while Hong Kong and Macao is a prominent feature of Guangdong's free trade zone. .
"From a certain point of view, the Guangdong Free Trade Zone is also a pilot zone for one country, two systems. It is also linked to the first test of CEPA (the abbreviation of "Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement"), and this is The vitality of the Guangdong Free Trade Zone is where it is." Chen En said.
Lin Jiang also believes that the most attractive advantage of the Guangdong Free Trade Zone is the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Therefore, Guangdong’s next round of measures to expand its openness “has no doubt also needs to be closely integrated with Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, so as to lead on the level of institutional innovation. Guangdong has taken a new path in the field of free trade zone."
The central government has made it clear that in the process of building a free trade zone, tax incentives are no longer the most important consideration, but should focus more on institutional innovation and first-mover.
In the past 36 years, the cooperation between Guangdong and Hong Kong and Macao has been carried out in the field of trade and investment, and there has been no major breakthrough in the fields of finance, management, law, accounting and consulting.
Lin Jiang, deputy director of the Hong Kong and Macau Pearl River Delta Research Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, believes that if the Guangdong Free Trade Zone can be built by deepening the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao under the new situation, it is entirely possible to achieve new breakthroughs in areas including financial innovation and legal system innovation. It is regarded as an important advantage and characteristic of the Guangdong Free Trade Zone, which is different from the Shanghai Free Trade Zone. It is also an important measure to achieve sustainable economic development in Guangdong under new historical conditions.
The Guangdong Free Trade Zone is known as the “3+1 model”. It is reported that Guangdong's free trade zone plan for the State Council includes Zhuhai Hengqin, Shenzhen Qianhai, Guangdong Nansha and Baiyun Airport Free Trade Zone. Under the overall framework of the Free Trade Zone, the economic highlights and industrial advantages of the four regions are different. The Qianhai is mainly to promote financial cooperation between Guangdong and Hong Kong, while Nansha may try to introduce Hong Kong commercial laws first. Qin has laid a good foundation for the overall promotion of the modern service industry in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Baiyun Airport has accumulated a lot of experience in the field of bonded areas.
"If this '3+1 model' is successfully implemented, it is possible to promote regional integration and truly achieve the decisive role of eliminating administrative barriers between regions and allowing the market to re-allocate resources," Lin Jiang told reporters.
Chen Guanghan, director of the Hong Kong and Macau Pearl River Delta Research Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, told reporters that Hengqin, Qianhai and Nansha are in the Pearl River Estuary and Economic Zone, which is the three sections of the Pearl River Delta economic development - Shenzhen (Hong Kong) , Guangfo (Guangzhou Foshan), and Zhuhai (Zhuhai Macau). From the perspective of economic aggregates, the economy of Zhuhai and Macao is relatively weak, but if these three "poles" develop, it will constitute a transformation of the industrial upgrading and development mode of the Pearl River Delta region.
Lin Jiang expressed concern about the difficulty of internal coordination between the four regions in the future. The construction of the Guangdong Free Trade Zone requires effective coordination and cooperation between Zhuhai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou from the system design, and under the guidance of the provincial government, it can take a new path in the free trade zone strategy. The next round of issues to be discussed What kind of rules do the three cities use to cooperate, how to achieve mutual benefit and win-win?
However, the reality is that although the cooperation between the nine prefecture-level cities in the Pearl River Delta has made some progress, in general, the level of cooperation is not high. For example, there is not much industrial cooperation between Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Shenzhen and Dongguan are also Thus, in this context, it is difficult to expect seamless integration between the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong and other parts of the province.
“Even if the institutional framework of Guangfo’s urbanization is similar, there will be a lack of stamina after a period of implementation. Public opinion requires Zhuhai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to achieve economic integration and integration under the framework of the Free Trade Zone.” Lin Jiang Say.
The "3+1 model" involves the five-level government structure of the National New District Administrative Committee, Administrative Region, Free Trade Zone Management Committee, Municipal Government, and Provincial Government. This will lead to higher administrative coordination costs in the Guangdong Free Trade Zone. Effectively reducing administrative coordination costs is also a major problem facing Guangdong's free trade zone.
Chen Guanghan discovered in Hengqin, Qianhai and Nansha that there is a crossover between the three places for future development planning. The credit service industry, headquarters economy, finance and innovation and technology have become the areas of concern for all three places. This requires the four regions of the 3+1 model to develop synergistically and rationally divide and cooperate.
“Firstly, we will define our respective strengths and positioning, and then define our respective division of labor on this basis, and carry out their most advantageous businesses according to the division of labor.” Chen Guanghan said. He also admits, "In reality, this will not be solved because every region will think that it is omnipotent. Therefore, it is still necessary to coordinate the provincial government to truly realize the division of labor and cooperation."
Lin Jiang told reporters that the Guangdong provincial government cannot directly surpass the Zhuhai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou municipal governments and directly issue orders to the four regions of the free trade zone. Moreover, as a city enjoying provincial economic management authority, Shenzhen does not necessarily come from The Guangdong Provincial Government’s directive “buy”.

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