A plurality of metallic tungsten Ore mineral composition is more complex, process mineralogy studies show that tungsten minerals are mainly scheelite, wolframite, a small amount of sulfide minerals as pyrite, square brass molybdenite ore and the like. The main gangue minerals in the ore are quartz , garnet, feldspar , and self- mica , followed by fluorite , calcite , pyroxene, anorthite, and siderite. Due to the contact metamorphism of granite , the ore is divided into inner and outer skarn zones from rock mass to surrounding rock, and skarn is lenticular. The tungsten ore body is found in granite and sandstone . Although scheelite has good floatability, since the ore contains a series of minerals similar to the floatability of tungsten ore, such as calcite, mica, fluorite, etc., the separation of tungsten minerals and gangue minerals by flotation has become Difficulties, it is difficult to improve the grade of tungsten. The use of general re-election equipment , processing capacity is not high, especially the recovery of tungsten fine mud is more difficult. In recent years, foreign mineral processing equipment has made great progress, especially the use of centrifugal force for the recovery of fine-grained high-density minerals is very effective. Therefore, the new process is pre-selected by foreign Falcon centrifuges, and the obtained tungsten coarse concentrate is re-used with a shaker to recover the tungsten ore.
First, the nature of the ore
The multi-element analysis results of the ore and the tungsten phase analysis results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Table 1 Results of multi-element analysis of ore chemistry 
Table 2 Tungsten phase analysis results
As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the ore sample is a complex polymetallic tungsten-molybdenum ore containing 0.23% WO 3 and 0.049% Mo. The phase analysis showed that the main mineral in tungsten minerals was scheelite, accounting for 85.72%; followed by black tungsten ore, accounting for 9.52%.
Second, the new process of mineral processing research
(1) Principles of mineral separation process
According to the sorting characteristics of various minerals in the ore sample and the principle of fully recovering various useful minerals, the principle of mineral processing principle of the ore sample was designed, as shown in Figure 1.
The characteristic of the process is that before the raw ore enters the sorting operation, the basic monomers of various minerals are ground to dissociate, and then the molybdenum concentrate is obtained by preferential flotation. The molybdenum flotation tailings are selected for the sulfide flotation operation of desulfurization and decoppering to obtain a sulfide product. The sulfide flotation tailings enter the centrifuge for pre-tailing, and the tungsten concentrate obtained by the centrifuge is selected by a shaker. Thus, the new process can save a large amount of shaker investment and water and electricity consumption, thereby greatly reducing the cost of dressing.
(2) Flotation test of molybdenum minerals and sulfides
When the ore grinding fineness is -74μm and the grain size is 70%, most of the tungsten minerals are dissociated and a part of the mud has been formed. Therefore, it was determined that the test grinding fineness was -74 μm and the grain size was 70%.
Molybdenite is naturally floatable and can be recycled using general non-polar collectors and foaming agents. Select molybdenum tailings for sulfide sorting, use advanced xanthate as collector, and remove all sulfide ore as much as possible to avoid affecting the re-election of the next tungsten mineral. Molybdenum mineral flotation using as collector kerosene, pine oil as foaming agent; flotation of sulfides, copper sulfate as the modifier, high collector 680 as collector, pine foaming agent is . The small closed-circuit test procedure for molybdenum flotation and sulfide flotation is shown in Figure 2. The test results are shown in Table 3.
The test results in Table 3 show that: after a rough selection of molybdenum minerals and re-grinding of the coarse concentrates, four times of selection and two sweeps are selected, the molybdenum grade is 35.21%, the copper grade is 0.106%, and the tungsten grade is 0.34% molybdenum concentrate. Sulfide flotation, through one rough selection, one selection, one sweep, can obtain sulfide mineral products with copper grade 1.97%, molybdenum grade 0.110% and tungsten grade 0.280%. In molybdenum concentrates and sulfide minerals, tungsten only lost 0.53% recovery. By flotation and impurity removal, the effect of sulfide on tungsten ore beneficiation can be effectively eliminated, and molybdenum and copper can be comprehensively recovered to make full use of resources.
(3) Separation of tungsten minerals
The flotation collectors of scheelite are mainly fatty acids and soaps. The collectors of wolframite are tannic acid, phosphonic acid and chelate. In order to achieve better selection criteria, it is often added. Lead nitrate acts as an activator, which causes contamination of the tailings water. In order to implement the national circular economy policy and improve the economic efficiency of the enterprise, the selection of tungsten minerals is first carried out by the centrifuge, and the centrifuge concentrate is then selected by the shaker.
The process is simple and reasonable, which can save a lot of shaker investment and ore dressing costs.
1, Falcon centrifuge re-election tail test
The gravity field of the centrifuge is proportional to the speed of the centrifuge. With the normal gravity of the Earth at 1G, the highest centrifugal force of the Falcon high centrifugal centrifuge can reach 300G. In order to determine the appropriate centrifugal force required for tungsten ore sorting, the gravity field strength test was carried out. The test procedure is shown in Figure 3. The test results are shown in Table 4.
The test results show that with the increase of centrifugal force, the recovery rate of tungsten increases with the tungsten grade unchanged. When the centrifugal force is 300G, the tungsten minerals have the best selection index, so it is determined that the centrifugal force of the Falcon centrifuge is pre-tailed re-election test for the selected 300G. The total yield of concentrate 1, concentrate 2 and concentrate 3 is 16.62%, which can be achieved by a centrifuge in the field, so they are combined as a coarse concentrate for the next shaker selection; the tailings yield is 83.38. %, that is, the throw rate can be as high as 83.38%.
2, coarse concentrate shaker selection test
The main gangue minerals are garnet and pyroxene in the concentrate produced by the Falcon centrifuge. The shaker re-election experiment adopts the process of narrow-level enrollment-neutral re-election, that is, the coarse concentrate obtained by the centrifuge is divided into three grades of +74μm, -74～+54μm and -54μm, each grade is separate. Sorting. One rough selection will obtain three products of coarse concentrate, medium mine and tailings respectively, and coarse concentrate and medium mine will be selected to obtain tungsten concentrate and rich medium ore. The three-grained tungsten concentrates are combined together as the final tungsten concentrate, and the three-grained rich ore deposits are also combined to form the final tungsten rich ore, and the three grades of tailings are combined to form the final tailings. The test procedure is shown in Figure 4, and the test results are shown in Table 5.
The test results show that in the case of 75%-200 mesh, a part of the tungsten mineral has been muddled. Although the centrifuge recovers the tungsten mineral of the grade, the shaker can not be recovered, thereby causing the loss of tungsten metal. By shaking operations, available with WO 3 57.41%, 50.55% recovery of high-grade tungsten concentrates containing WO 3 2.51%, 13.42% recovery of tungsten rich in ore. The average grade of the two is 10.27% and the total recovery is 63.97%.
Third, the conclusion
(1) Process mineralogical research shows that the ore sample is a complex polymetallic tungsten-molybdenum ore. The main tungsten-bearing ore in the ore is scheelite, accounting for 85.72% of the total tungsten; the black tungsten ore is less, accounting for 9.52%. Sulfide minerals are mainly pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite and the like. The main gangue minerals are quartz, garnet, celsian and fluorite.
(2) For the complex polymetallic tungsten-molybdenum ore, a new beneficiation process of “preferred flotation, molybdenum removal and desulfurization-Falcon centrifuge pre-tailing-shaker re-election†was proposed, and good technical and economic effects were obtained. .
(3) The new process for the ore containing WO 3 O.21% and Mo 0.049%, obtaining 57.41% of WO 3 , recovering 50.55% tungsten concentrate and containing WO 3 2.51%, the recovery rate is 13.42% tungsten rich. The average grade of the mine and the two is 10.27%, and the total recovery rate is 63.97%. At the same time, a molybdenum concentrate containing 35.21% Mo and a recovery rate of 69.78% was obtained.
(4) The new process is simple, saves equipment investment, reduces water and electricity consumption, low ore dressing cost, and is environmentally friendly.
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