Taking the typical instrument housing parts of the installation as an example, the numerical control processing technology is studied. The principle of determining the processing route in the numerical control processing process, the selection points, and the design method of the numerical control processing process are proposed to ensure the processing quality and increase the productivity.
The instrument shell type parts are mostly the supporting skeleton of the whole instrument assembly, which has an important influence on the performance of the whole instrument. They all have complex shapes, cavities, tight dimensional tolerances and shape and position tolerances, and have thin walls and uneven wall thicknesses that are susceptible to deformation. With the development of factories and the emergence of new products and new materials, the requirements for instrument shell components are getting higher and higher. To improve the product quality and shorten the production cycle, CNC equipment must be used for comprehensive processing and optimized optimization. CNC machining process plan. This article took the installation of parts as an example to analyze and discuss the problems encountered in the design of numerical control processing procedures, to provide more help for the staff engaged in the processing of instrument housing parts, in order to improve product quality and improve CNC machine tools. Productivity.
1 parts structure analysis
The upper mounting material is LYl2CZ, which is a single-piece, small-batch production. The blanks are profiled to reduce their cost, increase production efficiency, and save development time. Structural analysis of parts includes the following aspects:
(1) The primary and secondary surfaces of the part are distinguished and the main surface is guaranteed. On the underside 
The hole belongs to grade 6 accuracy, roughness Ra 0.8μm, need to use roughing, semi-finishing, finishing machining to meet the requirements.
(2) Analysis of important technical conditions. hole 
Concentricity φ0.02 requirements, related to the assembly position, its accuracy directly affects the installation of the components and the use of the instrument performance.
(3) The dimensioning of the surface position on the parts drawing. The length dimension of the upper mounting body is based on the right end surface of φ73, so the length of the process length in the preparation of the process specification should be consistent with it.
(4) Analysis of part technical requirements. The technical requirements for parts mainly refer to dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, position accuracy, surface roughness, and heat treatment. Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional model of the upper body part.
Figure 1 Three-dimensional modeling
2 process regulations
The numerical control process flow of parts is usually as follows: Part drawing → Analysis drawing to determine the processing process → Writing process specification → Confirming NC machining process → Numerical calculation → Programming procedure → Mechanical CAD → Mechanical CAM → Program check → Preparing control media → First Pieces of trial cutting → adjustment procedures and machine tools → batch processing → finished products.
2.1 Formulation of process routes
The determination of the division process and the processing route is directly related to the problems such as the use efficiency, processing accuracy, the number of tools, and the economy of the numerical control machine tools. The relative concentration of the processes, the shortest process route, and the pause time and auxiliary time of the machine tool should be minimized. In addition to the usual process requirements when arranging the process route, this example focuses on the following factors:
(1) Ensure processing quality and divide processing stage
When the workpiece is roughed, the removed metal layer is thick, the cutting force and clamping force are relatively large, and the cutting temperature is relatively high, which will cause a large deformation. According to the processing stage, the machining error caused by rough machining can be corrected by semi-finishing and finishing to ensure the machining quality of the parts. At the same time, rational use of equipment can not only increase productivity, but also extend the life of precision equipment.
(2) Reasonable arrangement of heat treatment and surface treatment
Heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of the material, improve the metal processing performance and eliminate internal stress. The heat treatment process of the saddle bracket is arranged after high-speed aging and low-temperature aging after roughing and milling removal. The main purpose is to eliminate the internal stress generated after the material processing.
In order to improve the part's resistance to corrosion, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and electrical conductivity, surface treatment methods are generally used. Surface treatment is usually arranged at the end of the process. For the surface with high precision requirements, the surface treatment will affect its dimensional accuracy. After the surface treatment, the finishing process is usually performed to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. The surface treatment process of the upper body is on 
Before finishing the finishing process.
(3) Connection of CNC Machining Process and Ordinary Process
Before and after the NC machining process, other common processing procedures are generally interspersed. If the connection is not good, it is easy to create contradictions. Therefore, while familiar with the entire processing process, it is necessary to clearly understand the technical requirements, processing purposes, and processing features of the NC machining process and the ordinary machining process. If the machining allowance is to be left, how much it will remain; the accuracy and shape of the positioning surface and hole Positional tolerances; technical requirements for the calibration process; heat treatment of the blank, etc., so that each process can meet each other to meet the processing needs, and the quality objectives and technical requirements are clear, there is a basis for acceptance.
Based on the above principles, the process layout of saddle brackets is as follows:
2.2 Processing Error Analysis
As far as the manufacturing process is concerned, the quality of the product mainly depends on the manufacturing quality and the assembly quality of the parts. The manufacturing quality of parts generally uses geometric parameters (such as shape, size, surface roughness), physical parameters (such as conductivity, permeability, thermal conductivity, etc.), mechanical parameters (such as strength, hardness, etc.), and chemical parameters (such as corrosion resistance). Such as sex). The main causes of machining errors in the upper assembly are:
(1) Influence of machine tool error
The main factors influencing the machining accuracy of the machine tool are spindle rotation accuracy, linear movement accuracy of moving parts, and the relative relationship of forming movements. Spindle rotation accuracy is usually reflected in the spindle radial runout, axial tilt and angular swing, which largely determines the shape accuracy of the surface being machined. The milling machine center used in this example is the UMC600 Universal Machining Center. Its machine tool accuracy is currently the top class among the international machine tools, and its technical specifications are all within 0.001mm. There is less effect on the machining accuracy of the upper mounting body.
(2) Analysis of fixture positioning error
The fixture for the upper mounting body is positioned using one large flat surface and one positioning pin (diamond pin) and one cylindrical pin. A cylindrical pin restricts the movement of x and y and a large plane restricts the rotation and movement of z. The positioning pin (diamond pin) restricts the rotation of x and y and satisfies the six-point positioning principle. The positioning error analysis and calculation can meet the precision requirements of the parts. The fixture diagram is shown in Figure 2.
2.3 Planning tool path
Planning the geometry of the mounting geometry The machining tool path includes the machining of blanks, the determination of tool points, the selection of machining geometry, the selection of machining tools, and the setting of tool parameters.
2.3.1 The processing of blanks and the determination of tool points
Before planning the installation of the body geometry on the machining tool path, first use the bounding box command provided by the Mastercam system to determine the required blank size for the machining geometry, and move the center of the figure to the system coordinate origin so that the center can be set in the center of the figure when machining is facilitated. . During the machining, the installation position of the workpiece within the machining size range of the machine tool is arbitrary. To execute the machining program correctly, the exact position of the workpiece in the machine coordinate system must be determined. The tool-cutting point is the reference point used to determine the spatial position of the workpiece coordinate system and the machine coordinate system after the workpiece is positioned and clamped on the machine tool and set in the workpiece coordinate system. In the process design and programming, the tool setting should be set reasonably based on the principle of simple operation and small tool-cutting errors.
2.3.2 Plan the tool path
The planned installation geometry geometry processing tool path mainly includes the selection of the tool, the setting of the tool parameters, the selection of the processing sequence, and the setting of the machining parameters (safety height, lower knife method, compensation method, compensation amount, cutting amount, etc.).
The type of milling cutter should be compatible with the surface shape and dimensions of the workpiece. According to the heat treatment state of the workpiece material being processed, cutting performance and machining allowance, selecting a milling cutter with good rigidity and high durability is a prerequisite for giving full play to the production efficiency of the CNC milling machine and obtaining a satisfactory processing quality. The choice of processing route should mainly be considered:
(1) Minimize the cutting path, reduce the number of strokes, and increase productivity;
(2) to ensure the precision and surface roughness requirements of the processed parts;
(3) Facilitate the simplification of numerical calculations and reduce the number of program segments and programming workload;
(4) The specific value of the cutting amount should be determined according to the provisions of the instruction manual of the CNC machine tool, the workpiece materials, processing procedures, and other process requirements that are processed and combined with actual experience.
3 Physical processing simulation
Before the actual processing of the upper mounting body geometry, the entity machining simulation function provided by the Mastercam 9.0 computer software is used to simulate the physical processing of the computer to minimize the energy and material consumption and improve the processing efficiency.
The MasterCAM system calls the NCI file as a tool path file generated by the MasterCAM system for machining tool paths and tool parameter settings planned for the upper mounting body geometry. It is an AscII text format file that contains all the data of the generated NC code, including a series of tool path coordinates, feed, spindle speed, coolant control instructions, etc., but it cannot be directly applied to CNC machine tools. It can be used by CNC machine after converting to post-processing program P0ST into NC code.
4 Conclusion
The processing of complex instrument housing parts occupies an important position in the machinery manufacturing industry. In order to improve the processing accuracy and production efficiency of the parts, advanced processing methods should be adopted. For the numerical control processing technology, the process treatment is an important part of its application, it is related to the correctness and rationality of the processed parts. This article takes the typical parts on the installation body as an example to discuss the process design issues of the numerical control processing, choose Reasonable and efficient processing methods and processing routes are of great significance to ensure the quality of parts processing and improve the efficiency and quality of use of CNC machine tools.
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